The role of employee engagement in the delivery of enhanced Assignment

The role of employee engagement in the delivery of enhanced organisational performance - Assignment ExampleThe psychological contract has been further explained in the light of the managerial roles. The managers call for that their subordinates will seek out for new challenges and foster loyalty towards the organization, at the same time the employees as well expect that the organization will offer them sufficient work flexibility and growth opportunities. An employee will affix their individual output and responsibility if the organization gives more priority towards its staffs and offers them with perks and rewards. Thus it has been clearly stated that a proper starership style along with a proper organizational culture will lead to increased employee engagement which as a result will improve the overall organizational performance.This idea is a part of the unit assignment for the full time students of the Manchester Metropolitan University. The report contains the discussio n over the work engagement of an employee in his organization and how it has been affected by the organizational behaviour. It highlights the relationship between the organizational output and the employee engagement. The role of managers and supervisors has also been discussed, which acts as a major factor in improving the organizational output by increasing employee engagement. This report has been backed up by several relevant articles and theories in order to justify the findings. This paper will help managers to identify the organizational behaviour responsible for high employee engagement and increased organizational output. The managers will be able to relate their organization to this study and take hold necessary amendments in the firm policies which will eventually lead to voluntary employee commitment.This business report has been inclined(p) on secondary data collected from various journal articles and theories from relevant organizational management books. several(pr enominal) real life examples which are cited in the paper have been collected from

Business Synoptic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Synoptic - Essay ExampleIt in like manner helps define the optimal utilization of the resources in the changing business environment to meet the set objectives. A system defines the roles and responsibilities of the organization. According to the Harvard polity Mode, strategy is a pattern of purposes and policies defining the company and its business (Carter, 1999). The strategy implementation involves several locomote as keep companys Source Schraeder (2002). Globalization is a concept that speaks of one world with similar tastes and preferences. However, Nestle does non believe in orbiculateization of consumer behavior and tastes. They follow the philosophy that consumers are individuals. They do not follow a set pattern and hence cannot be classified as global consumers. Thus, in clearing of their objectives, they evaluated the globalization trend and reason out that they wanted to have a customization approach rather than a globalization approach. However, the globalization principle did help in focusing on the emerging markets as they conducted an external and internal analysis. They could identify the gap in the services in the emerging markets and found tremendous potential. They could foresee the remotion of backup barriers and the rising consumerism in these economies. This is the reason they adopted the early-mover principle in these markets. They could also analyse and invite that they could achieve competitive advantage by fulfilling consumer call for in these markets. Link between the two concepts scheme implementation involves several steps. Strategy implementation required them to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of globalization. It also brought to light that removal of trade barriers had opened up the opportunities in the emerging markets. They thus first developed their corporate level strategy to approach the emerging markets. Strategy is drawn up at three levels the corporate, business and the functional levels. This helps them solve on the choice of products, the choice of markets and the choice of competitors. To fulfill individual consumer needs or the local anesthetic needs requires a strategy that differs from the globalization approach. They hence standardize wheresoever possible but adapted wherever necessary. This provided them with the competitive advantage and gain foothold in the emerging economies. To achieve success, they had to change their strategy of having global managers. Just as there can be no global consumers as per Nestle philosophy, they also believed that the workers should maintain their own destinations but follow the Nestle principles. Maintaining their own cultures enables them to understand the market needs discontinue and make adaptation as necessary. Thus, as a part of their functional strategy, they provided complete autonomy to the local managers to function but in alignment with their overall philosophy, they maintained control having their own expatria te managers to do the operations in these nations. After careful evaluation they adopted the transnational approach to internationalization as it allows them control over the operations. They could understand that consumers are not global in their tastes and behavior and that local culture is important. The two concepts are interlined because strategy cannot be developed in isolation. Since the trend was towards globalization, Nestle evaluated the strategic options and concluded that it could gain competitive advan

Assignment3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment3 - Essay ExampleFurther, the topic would be explored in the quest ways (1) relating the topic in terms of relating it to the course readings (2) determining how does the article reflect an aspect of twin as described in your course materials (3) stipulating specific ways the article encouraged one to halt a closer look at topics covered in the course and (4) comparing and contrasting findings or points made in the article and readings.The author averred that the issue of cohabitation has drastically changed over a period of sise decades. It was previously perceived as a deviant act during the 1950s and 1960s. Slowly, this practice was accepted as a practice prelude to marriage. Several factors contributed to the change in perception on cohabitation, to wit (1) reduced pressure on cohabiting couples to eventually marry (2) changing views on expectations to marry depending on age, status, and duration of relationship (3) perceived problems in relationships (4) ultimate m arriage goals.Contemporary trends show a marked prevalence and improver in cohabitation rather than marriage. According to Qu, while cohabitation was largely a stepping stone to marriage for earlier generations, more recent generations of cohabitors are less likely to marry and more likely to separate than cohabitors of earlier generations (2003, 36). However, it is raise to note that despite the prevalence of cohabitation in todays generation the basic premise for its proliferation remains the same couples opting to cohabit eventually hope or expect to get married sometime in the future.The article confirmed the lessons relayed especially during the discussion of the topic on Sex and the Emergence of Sexual Identities. The lessons indicated that changes in sexual activity and attitudes have weakened the role of marriage as the

Federal Budger See Below) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Federal Budger See Below) - Essay ExampleAs a result, mandatory expenditure has to remain unaltered in the process of annual budget. From the federal outlay, $247million was directed towards quittance of the national debt approximated to be $17 trillion. Conversely, the remaining government spending of about 33% accounted for discretionary spending. discretionary expenditures are established for a precise time extent by the Senate and House appropriation committees. The statistics from Chantril read that mandatory expenditures occupy more than half the budget and have their spending level set by the statute for senior programs, income support programs and other retirement and disability programs.Under the discretionary spending, multitude spending accounts for two thirds while the other discretionary expenses account for a third. Given the fast increase in National debt interest payment ($247 billion) and the allocations to social security ($1.361 trillion), there is need to cu t government discretionary and military spending (gpo.gov). The military savings are expected to result from reduction of military personnel, procurement, look for and development, military construction and family housing. With such drops in spending for a period of 10 years, it is anticipated that military spending will be about 14.7% of the discretionary budget by 2022. Other areas affected by budget reductions are education programs, protection through border security and other spending the likes of weather monitoring and food

The competitive advantage strategy for Diageo, Castel of brewery in Essay

The competitive advantage strategy for Diageo, Castel of brewery in Africa - Essay physical exerciseAfrica is such an important region for Diageo due to the rich prospects that ar found in Africa such as presence of mineral resources and its improvements in governance. Secondly, Africa provides diversity that matches Diageos needs. The global, financial, and economic situation, which has greatly affected Europe, has made the caller to invest in the developing countries due to the increased prospects of driving growth. The caller plans to invest in extra capacities to fuel growth in the continent such as adding more plants and equipments for brewing and differentiating their brands. Innovation is as whole many considered by the company as a very good avenue for growth as nearly as having the right people who are motivated and interested in improving and fuelling growth in Diageo. Additionally, the company is committed to acquisitions and entrance into new markets as part of th e strategies of facilitating its growth in the continent (Wehring 2012, np). The company enjoys a distinct brand in its employment practices which promotes its ability to attract high caliber talents that are vital to its growth. The company further grows and develops talents as come up as creating value chain in toil and distribution process which highly contributes to their growth. Diageo are further involved in social economic cultivation such as engaging in water projects and other agricultural projects which is integral in their demarcation growth. Diageo has put unique strategy of growing the African talents in the continent to run its business by developing the current talents locally and bringing other Africans outside the continent. The company has embarked on a respectable year program to identify prospective African leaders who can take on ranking(prenominal) positions in the company. The company is committed in its growth plan to develop a strategy that is fit of filling the gap between the talent required for growth and the current existing talents as well as attracting both the external talent and developing the internal talent. The company also ensures that they have devote talents that would add value to its operations as well as maintaining an effective and efficient operation (Wehring 2012, np). devise and PESTLE Analysis Diageo is the world leader in alcohol that comprises of beer, spirits and wine and enjoys a widely distributed presence. The company, with its sound financial base, is capable of ruling the market by investing in R&D and acquiring other firms thus enjoying wider market share. The company usually manufactures the best brands and normally ensures best brands in its African market such as Scotch whisky. The company enjoys a wider market in Africa oddly the rapid growth of 300m-consumers who due to the increase in the middle income earners in Africa. Diageo largely play on the raw materials especially in Ethiopia and Kenya which is very vital for their growth in east Africa as well as wider market in that region of Africa. The company however, is faced with a number of challenges in some regions in Africa such as the unstable governments and lack of highly qualified expertise that they can depend on. There are also competitions from the local companies within the African region especially in Kenya and Tanzania that liberty chit very low priced alcohol hence imposing a little threat to the

Good Qualities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Good Qualities - Essay ExampleThe article has also been produce in PubMed ID 17686985. It was later published on 8th august 2007. Thus, making it a suitable and genuine source since it has been reviewed by the consequence PubMed journals to ascertain credibility. Lastly, before it was published, the article was received in the PNAS for review on the 30th of April 2007 and approved on the first of May 2007. It stands out as a reliable and standard source in the demesne of study after the online publishing and printing. The authors thesis statement states that the economic point is merry in the early years of children and shapes their adulthood outcomes.The publication was published online on May 2007, despite the event the paper was published in the year 2007, it tackles current issues affecting the health sector currently. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, the article seeks to provide solutions to the issues being studied. For instance, after the comprehensive study aimin g at understanding the human inequalities in health the article, seeks to instigate the process of policy formulation which is aimed at reducing these inequalities. The policy formulation process, is dictated by the findings made on the origin of the differences. The policy should focus mostly on prevention of the differences and ensuring that on that point are minimal inequalities developed among people as they develop (Heckman, 1). The issues are still a prickle in the health sector, hence it is still relevant in the health care industry to date. plenty in different socioeconomic classes are developing different diseases today. At the same time, people in this different socioeconomic classes, have different behaviors while seeking medical care (Heckman, 1). Thus formulating policies to trim down the differences will be beneficial to the health sector. Some of the issues noted among diverse people include accordance with medications, people from a higher socioeconomic class, tend to pay more attention to medical advice as oppose to

Computers and Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computers and Marketing - Case Study ExampleThe Guardian article He sent 38 billion emails and called himself the Spam King. Then Bill Gates went after him written by Wilson J and Johnson B in 2005, mentioned an incident in which Scott Richter and his Colorado-based party OptInRealBig.com are alleged to have been one of the worlds biggest spammers. Microsoft and the New York lawyer general, Eliot Spitzer, sued Mr Richter for $18m in 2003, accusing him of violating state and federal laws, after spam traps set by the software company netted some 8,000 messages containing 40,000 fraudulent statements (Wilson and Johnson 2005).This paper analyses the validity of sending spam messages with the help of ethical theories of Deontologists and Utilitarian. Deontologists entrust that some actions are wrong no matter what consequences follow from them. Deontology is an ethical system which has close standoff with Kantianism. While utilitarianism focuses on the outcomes of an action, deontolog y demands that the actions itself should be ethical no matter what the outcome is. Sending spam messages entrust generate immense marketing opportunities for the sender however it is not necessary that all the receivers take such(prenominal) messages as a blessing. In other words, spam messages are useful to the sender if the receiver did not grant permission to the sender.

The Ineffective Approach in Medicare Reimbursement Essay

The idle Approach in Medicare Reimbursement - Essay ExampleOn the different hand, the support on setting the Medicare reimbursement is that, at that place is no one general approach in which the most effective amount go out be arrived at. In addition, the set guidelines and rules for Medicare reimbursement lack a proper structure making the approach more dispute to the practitioners. Nevertheless, the failure to involve the health practitioners, especially advanced nursing practitioners in instruction, effectively makes the approach ineffective. Therefore, their interlocking is crucial to ensure an approach that suits the needs of all the stakeholders and making it responsive to the needs of both the patients and the healthcare providers. In addition, government intervention by creating proper legal guidelines is crucial to ensure that the approach meets the indispensable needs. Keywords reimbursement, Medicare, Medicaid The ineffective approach in Medicare Reimbursement Int roduction Wong (1999) noted that, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 provided the reimbursement of APNs for the services they provided in any given setting at a fraction of the physicians fee. Nevertheless, a long process requiring get together specific guidelines and documentation makes the process of reimbursing APNs hectic and confusing. In this case, the new era of providing medical care should be devoid of the factors that do not in any way help in simplifying the process of reimbursement. emphasize Reinhardt (2003) identifies the Medicare reimbursement system in the country as a large one and much more modify than in other countries. Moreover, the inflexible nature of the system does not offer any assistance besides only helps make the issue much more complex for advanced practice nurses in circumspection. In this case, this makes the system fail to respond to the local markets conditions, patients requirements, and more significantly to nursing care providers needs and req uirements. Moreover, the refractory nature of Medicare is made worse by the rules and guidelines that groups of actors manipulate easily to meet their specific needs. Cohen and Spector (1996) noted that, the yearly threat in a considerable cut in Medicare reimbursements often lead to speculation that hospitals will have a limit on the number of Medicare patients they admitted and treated. In effect, advanced nurses in charge of management faced a dilemma whether to admit these patients due to the cut in Medicare considering that the reimbursement formula to determine how much payment a hospital gets is determined by a special(a) number of cost-related factors and in particular the geographical location and inflationary rates. Position It is my position, as a nurse with advanced preparation in management, that the current Medicare reimbursement system is complex in its effort to offering quality care to the countrys population. In this case, the structure, rules, and guidelines on the reimbursement polity fails to capture the opinions of nursing practitioners on how best to structure the reimbursement policy. On the other hand, the structure of obtaining the reimbursement amount in terms of cost-related measures such as geographical location and inflation makes the policy on reimbursement appear unfair to some states and nurses practitioners while others benefit. In fact, this makes the policy more complex and puts management at an awkward position in terms of implementation of their policies.

Marketing of Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing of Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company - Essay ExampleWhen you go to a hotel, the hotel tries to emulate this feeling by trying to fudge your stay convenient and comfortable. In more common occasions, the hotel falls short of this and the guest would take aim to frequently or occasionally foreknow for inhabit receipts just to be able to make the hotel more comfortable. Therefore, with their personalize system, you dont really need to vociferate room service anymore because it is already automatically provided for and it gives the hotel the opportunity to call and inform the guest for denominate of interest that they might enjoy.Rewarding loyal customers. - Through constant visits in the hotel, more data would at last be gathered for the guest. Therefore, making it possible to give even more precise and better service to its guests.Food preference - knowing the food preference not only makes it convenient for customers to give the familiarity decisions for their own food, e specially convenient for people who would stay for a considerable amount of time and make a routine service for food. It is like having a personal cook which knows what you want to eat without relation back them. Also, it helps the company prepare the food before hand, thus cutting preparation time.No need to call for room service - Since the hotel would know what each client would like, there would virtually be less need for clients to call room service.

Thoughts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thoughts - Assignment ExampleThe changes in these elements often cause alterations in the organisational behavior. Thus, for an organization to be more(prenominal) efficient and productive, it is essential to lay significant importance on these elements. It has been identified that organizations where these elements are respected and recognized, the individuals within it are motivated and enthusiastic in performing more efficiently. These individuals also experience high job satisfaction, when the organization takes proper care of those elements. They feel of being an total part of the organization and are more willing to deliver their best towards the accomplishment of the broad organizational goals (Jenifer, 2009).Moreover, as stated by Simon, the four elements of organizational behavior also lead to the development of leading skill amid employees and the top managerial bodies. Simon, in his statement, explicitly pointed out a few of the greatest leaders produced by the world. I n this regard, Simon noted the names of few prominent leaders such as Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs of orchard apple tree Inc., and the Wright brothers. Accordingly, it is argued that these leaders had been successful in accomplishing several milestones, only because of their well-developed organizational behavior skills. It is further claimed that these leaders had potently recognized values, attitudes, and moods and emotions, of their followers which enabled them to influence the behavior of their followers and attain their total commitment (Sinek, 2009). Thus, I firmly believe that for any organization to be more effective and efficient in this warring world, the four key elements of an organizational behavior need to be

The Mission San Gabriel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Mission San Gabriel - Research Paper ExampleThe situation settlement where the mission stands was erected around 1770 by the early Spaniards and was possibly named after the Angel Gabriel. Historical sources place that create was designed by Antonio Cruzado who was a Father from Spain (Baer 47). He cleverly designed the structure tolerant it a strong architectural and captive influence. With long narrow windows and a peculiar capped buttress, the building is reminiscent of several others unique only to the state of California. Much of the original roof of the structure was finished in 1894 by an earthquake which ravaged the area. A replacement was further damaged in 1812 and was subsequent replaced in 1886. Nevertheless much of the original composition of the structure nonoperational stands strong signifying a sizeable source of history. The establishment of the mission in that particular locality radically transformed the manner of bread and butter around. The hostile I ndians completely took charge and dominated the area. Up to 1822, it is estimated that over 6800 natives had been baptized of whom 2400 was children. In the neighborhoods of this church, the studyity of the commonwealth was the Indians who mostly belonged to the Shoshonean family. There were also other people especially the neophytes who came from further beyond. Most important, however, is the manner in which the mission has always defined the history and manner of life in that particular region. It has to be remembered that the major objective of the missions established at that time was to propagate a culture of self-sufficiency and social collectiveness amongst the people. by means of farming, the missions managed to produce entirely everything that was necessary in the localities. Much of that effort was always successful to the extent that by 1810, the Indians ware able to produce sufficient food to sustain the whole military and government of California. horticulture had suddenly taken root in the region as the most important economic activity. The ample information availed by delving into the missions history is very fundamental in drawing very important conclusions and breeding much about the Chicano history. Very striking characteristics are reminicesent in the Spaniards who came to the region in the early eld and made settlements. Their mannerisms and ways of life demand always stood and helped define their history and character. One can in stages realize the causes of the growing unrest that was evidenced across the Mexican-American population in the country. These people are determined by the power of their collective awareness and through mass action, agitate for fundamental liberties. In much(prenominal) a case, the emergence and the progress of the Chicano movement cannot be overemphasized. Sure enough, most of the challenges that led to this movement have not been addressed even in the present American situation. Very high school dr op-out place are still a daily norm in the California region. The lack of Mexican-American teachers in the institutions is still an issue that has not yet been addressed. Paradoxically, looking back into the early days, we realize that many dreams have been tatterdemalion in the face of these emerging realities. The very farms that had their origins in the mission days became the hotbeds of controversy as farmers and university students teamed together and went to the streets in protest. The whole issue was about the aspiration of social betterment

Following the publication of the Government's Sexual Violence against Essay

Following the issuing of the Governments familiar Violence against Children and Vulnerable People Report in July 2013 Using - Essay ExampleThis account seeks to analyse the SVCVP report as it was presented in July 2013. In view of this, it will highlight main features and the trends that beat been realised in the operations as per the concerns of the unalike stakeholders involved in its implementation as considerably as future proposals. A few groups have been noted to champion the liberation of children from sexual pests. near of these be The National Group, Department for Children, Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs), Department of Health (DH) and other trusts that make sure that the children would be safe. Ministerial Statement The statements as were addressed by the Minister of State for Policing and Criminal Justice indicates that the brass was truly involved in the operations on implementation of the act. His statements on the severity and obscenity of the pers onnel meant to insinuate that it affects everyone in the society. Much as unlike societies have diametrical cultural beliefs, issues relating to sexual military issues are purely universal. The statement that political issue can never handle the matter fully sends the conception that this is an issue that should be handled at the ground levels. The ground levels as proposed by Leach (2003) include both the socialization agents namely the family, school, church, mass media and peer groups. This is because sexual violence takes place in different forms and should because be understood by the different social groups in the society. Other violence oversight groups as indicated above have a role to play in mitigation of the rights of young children in the society. Sexual matters are of grievous concern and they also have a historical bearing meaning that the different agency groups mentioned may try to reach the grounds upon which these vices are created and developed. From an analy tical perspective, it is therefore sound to twist the knowledge observed by the ministerial statement to the works of Friere (1998). It was indicated that lack of a co-ordinated and inclusive deed by the society will render the actions of stopping the unethical practices void. Review of the National Group The internal group was a collection of experts in policy making that was brought together and tasked with the work of looking into the recital of matters related to child abuse. Why was formation of this group necessary? According to the observations of Francis, Skelton and Archer (2002), every matter that touches on a need for social change requires a homogenous nestle. It would be better, in their perspective, if this approach is a co-ordination from the national centre. The co-ordination would create an integrated approach to the matter bearing in mind the different socio-cultural differences. From the report, there are other programmes that had been set over the years to t ry and tackle the issue at hand. This means that the national group had a very important uniformity in responding to the distress calls from the different parts of the country. From the works of the group as indicated in the report, big progressive steps have been taken in addressing matters of sexual violence from the traditional perspective to the emerging issues in the same field. The emerging trends, as has been recently stipulated by Bauman (2001) refer to the perpetrators devising repulsion

Bacterial Cell Surface Tension Attachment and Implications for Article - 1

Bacterial booth Surface Tension Attachment and Implications for Bioremediation - Article ExampleThere was no significant relationship betwixt the culturing of the bacteria with their attachment to the different material that was being tested. The environments under which the bacterial species were cultured had the significant entice on the level of attachment of different bacterial species to various surfaces. These results present essentially in seeking to establish the variance of species adherence to hexadecane.The attachment of microbic mobile phones to solids and hydrophobic liquids is an important prerequisite in the abjection of chemical substances that are recalcitrant because of extremely low solubility. Bacterial adsorption at interfaces is a physical and chemical process that, for the majority of micro-organisms, does not involve the expenditure of metabolic energy. The attachment process involves non-specific interactions between the cell surface, the solid or hydrop hobic liquid and the bulk liquid phase(Abbasnezhad et al. 2011). Many factors influence bacterial attachment at solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces. Environmental factors such as pH, temperature and the care of cations, anions and organic molecules in the bulk liquid phase all directly affect the attachment process, as does the nature of the solid or the hydrophobic liquid(Mceldowney & Fletcher 1986). Microbial factors are equally important in determining the extent of bacterial attachment to surfaces, and the characteristics of the cell surface have a considerable allude on attachment.Microbial cell surfaces are complex and consist of a variety of macromolecules, which vary with the microbial type. The macromolecular composition of bacterial cell surfaces, also, differs with growth substrate, growth phase, and growth rate. Such variations alter the charge and hydrophobic characteristics of bacterial surfaces (Rosenberg et al. 1980).

Diversity And Discrimination In the Work Place, Can It Ever Be Essay

revolution And Discrimination In the Work Place, Can It Ever Be Overcome - Essay ExampleTherefore, to submerge this contrast, regeneration management policies should have a high focus on increasing awareness, sensitizing the rung and ensuring inclusive policies. Causes of Discrimination and Strategies to Overcome Awareness In the recent years, eliminating any discrimination callable to smorgasbord has been a topic that has received the attention of researchers and scholars. One of the main reasons because of which discrimination takes place in work is the lack of awareness that leads to insensitive and discriminatory behavior (Nishii and Wright, 2008). Hence, creating awareness should be one of the most grave steps when it comes to diversity management. In addition, creating awareness does not mean having certain non-discriminatory policies at workplace, instead it marrow educating employees and making them understand how to acknowledge as well as accept the diversity that they would be experiencing. This is especially crucial in a situation where the majority of employees belong to one particular group (age, gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and so on). In such a situation, discrimination can even advance in the form of isolation (Nishii and Wright, 2008). For example, most organizations have a policy of non-discrimination with regard to homosexuals, but due to the stigma associated with homosexuality, it is possible that the individual is looked at in a different manner because of the sexual orientation. Therefore, two the Human Resources team as well as the management should work in tandem by formal sessions, online trainings and need-based individual sessions to improve awareness. Acknowledgement and Acceptance According to Green, Lopez, Wysocki... The paper stresses that with rising competition and challenges connect to economic recession, it is necessary for the organization to ensure that any form of discrimination is eliminated be cause it can result in not just the loss of productivity, but it can also compromise the ethical foundation of the organization. crossways the world, the message of equality and acceptance is being propagated and hence, a good diversity management policy which is efficaciously implemented can help in overcoming the challenge of discrimination at workplace. The report makes a final stage that , most organizations have a process called diversity training which aims at informing and educating the management as well as the staff about diversity and the advantages that a diverse workforce can declare oneself to the organization. Additionally, some organizations have also implemented the policy of diversity audit. This audit is carried out through core such as surveys and personal interviews to understand if there are any hidden prejudices or discrimination that exists in the organization. A diversity audit can not only help in resolution any discrimination issues, but it can also p rovide information on how to improve the diversity management strategies from an employees perspective. The author declares that one of the major mistakes that organizations make with regard to diversity management is that they strain certain policies and implement it, but do not subject it to periodic review. This can be drawback because as trends related to diversity change the needs of diversity management also undergo a change. Hence, they should periodically review these policies to see if it suits their needs of the current set of employees that the organization has.

How does school affect the behavior of the children(6years-12years) Article

How does school affect the behavior of the children(6 historic period-12years) - denomination ExampleIt has aptly been stated that school serves as one of the primary institutions of society, which plays dynamic role in the upbringing and socialization of the young individuals by providing them with an environment that offers systematic coaching and teaching under the lord teaching and administrative staff. In addition, the adolescents learn how to act, react and behave while entering into interaction with other(a) members of society, from their bringing upal institutions, by presenting themselves as the dutiful, conscientious and responsible individuals before other members of society. Moreover, it is school that provides the young students with the opportunities of obtaining education and skill under different situations of competition and co-operation with their class-mates and school-mates. Thus, the school teaches the young minds the mannerism, discipline and punctuality in such a way that they could turn out to be the effective, proficient and responsible members of society for the future years to come.Since school is the first place where the adolescents are granted the chances of obtaining socialization in a formal way, its importee even surpasses the institution of family to some extent due to the really reality that the children are brought up in an informal manner in family, where there are no such restrictions, regularities and punctualities in per the rules and regulations introduced and observed by schools. It is particularly the case with the children belonging to the age group from six to twelve years due to the very reality this age group is regarded to be the most fertile one in respect of development new things and remembering the same for long time. Since the childrens minds are like a clean specify at this age, every new thing leaves indelible impact on the raw and fresh minds. Since these years are generally spent in attending

Greek religion and mythology Essay Example for Free

Grecian religion and mythology EssayIn classical religion and mythology, Pan (Ancient Greek , Pn) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, spirit of mountain wilds, pursuit and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs.1 His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (), core to pasture.2 He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr.With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the mollify of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism.3 In Roman religion and myth, Pans copy was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna. In the 18th and nineteenth centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe, and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement.4OriginsIn his earliest appeara nce in literature, Pindars Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess, perhaps Rhea or Cybele Pindar refers to virgins worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poets house in Boeotia.5 The parentage of Pan is unclear6 in some myths he is the son of Zeus, though generally he is the son of Hermes or Dionysus, with whom his mother is said to be a nymph, sometimes Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14.92), genus Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. This nymph at some point in the usage became conflated with Penelope, the wife of Odysseus. Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return.Other sources (Duris of Samos the Vergilian commentator Servius) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result.7 This myth reflects the folk etymology that equates Pans name () with the Greek word for all ().8 It is more likely to be cognate with pae in, to pasture, and to share an origin with the modern side word pasture. In 1924, Hermann Collitz suggested that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan might have a common Indo-European origin.9 In the Mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era10 Pan is made cognate with Phanes/Protogonos, Zeus, Dionysus and Eros.11 The Roman Faunus, a god of Indo-European origin, was equated with Pan.However, accounts of Pans genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried deep in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians, if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo. Pan might be multiplied as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III.3.2 Ruck and Staples 1994 p 13212) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, bingle the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas, and one a son of Cronus. In the retinue of Dionysos, or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appear ed not hardly a great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs.

Water Corporation report Essay Example for Free

Water alliance report EssayComparison of Dividends and Redemptions. Bailey is one of four equal unrelated sh beholders of moderate Corporation. Bailey has held Checker run for four years and has a tail end in her stock of $40,000. Checker has $280,000 of current and compile EP and distributes $100,000 to Bailey. What are the tax consequences to Checker and to Bailey if Bailey is an individual and the scattering is interact as a dividend? The meter of a distribution equals money current plus the FMV of whatever non money office have decrease by each liabilities assumed or acquired by the stockholder. The distribution is treated as a dividend to the extent of the distributing conjunctions current and store EP. Any additional excess istreated as a capital grow. The shareowners can in the prop received is its FMV. The stockholders holding period for the property begins on the twenty-four hours after the distribution date. When a sight distributes appreciated pr operty, it must recognize gain as if it exchange the property for its FMV immediately before the distribution.For gain recognition purposes, a propertys FMV is deemed to be at least equal to any liability to which the property is subject or that the shareholder assumes in tie with the distribution. A mass recognizes no loss when it distributes to its shareholders property that has depreciated in value. A corporations EP is change magnitude by any EP gain resulting from a distribution of appreciated property. A corporations EP is rock-bottom by (a) the amount distributed plus (b) the greater of the FMV or EP familiarized basis of any non money property distributed, minus any liabilities to which the property is subject or that the shareholder assumes in connexion with the distribution. EP also is reduced by taxes paid or incurred on the corporations recognized gain, if any. In discover a, what would be the tax consequences if Bailey were a corporation? The amount of a distri bution equals money received plus the FMV of any non money property received reduced by any liabilities assumed or acquired by the shareholder. The distribution is treated as a dividend to the extent of the distributing corporations current and accumulated EP.Any distribution amount exceeding EP is treated as a return of capital that reduces the shareholders stock basis (but not below zero). Any additional excess is treated as a capital gain. The shareholders basis in the property received is its FMV. The shareholders holding period for the property begins on the day after the distribution date. What are the tax consequences to Checker and to Bailey (an individual) if Bailey surrenders all her stock in a redemption qualifying for sale treatment? Sale excommunication If the redemption meets specific requirements, the distribution amount received by the shareholder is offset by the adjusted basis of the shares surrendered. The difference generally is treated as a capital gain or loss . No basis adjustment occurs. Gain/Loss Recognition Under the sale exception, the corporation recognizes gain (but not loss) as though it has sold distributed noncash property for its FMV immediately before redemption.Earnings and moolah Adjustment For a redemption treated as a sale, EP is reducedby the portion of current and accumulated ascribable to the redeemed stock. Any distribution amount exceeding this portion reduces the corporations paid-in capital. In Part c, what would be the tax consequences if Bailey were a corporation? Sale Exception If the redemption meets specific requirements, the distribution amount received by the shareholder is offset by the adjusted basis of the shares surrendered. This difference is generally treated as a capital gain or loss. No basis adjustment occurs. Which treatment would Bailey pick if Bailey were an individual? Which treatment would Bailey Corporation prefer? Bailey would prefer to be taxed and treated as an individual. Bailey corpora tion would prefer to be treated like a corporation.Compare the tax consequences to the shareholder and the distributing corporation of the following terzetto kinds of corporate distributions ordinary dividends, stock redemptions, and complete liquidations Ordinary DividendsThe amount of a distribution equals money received plus the FMV of any non money property received reduced by any liabilities assumed or acquired by the shareholder. The distribution is treated as a dividend to the extent of the distributing corporations current and accumulated EP. Any additional excess is treated as a capital gain. The shareholders basis in the property received is its FMV. The shareholders holding period for the property begins on the day after the distribution date. When a corporation distributes appreciated property, it must recognize gain as if it sold the property for its FMV immediately before the distribution.For gain recognition purposes, a propertys FMV is deemed to be at least equal to any liability to which the property is subject or that the shareholder assumes in connection with the distribution. A corporation recognizes no loss when it distributes to its shareholders property that has depreciated in value. A corporations EP is increased by any EP gain resulting from a distribution of appreciated property. A corporations EP is reduced by (a) the amount distributed plus (b) the greater of the FMV or EP adjusted basis of any non money property distributed, minus any liabilities to which the property is subject or that the shareholder assumesin connection with the distribution. EP also is reduced by taxes paid or incurred on the corporations recognized gain, if any.Stock Redemption for Shareholders ecumenic Rule The distribution amount received by a shareholder in exchange for his or her stock is treated as a dividend to the extent of the distributing corporations EP. The basis of the surrendered stock is added to the basis of the shareholders remaining stock.Di stributing CorporationGain/Loss Recognition Under the general rule, the corporation recognizes gain (but not loss) as though it had sold distributed noncash property for its FMV immediately before the redemption. Earnings and Profits Adjustment For a redemption treated as a dividend, EP is reduced in the same musical mode as for regular dividend.

Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Essay Example for Free

Making Decisions Based on accept and Forecasting Essay1.Report the demographic and independent variables that are relevant to complete a lease abbreviation providing a rationale for the selection of the variables. (Independent variables are the variables that have effect on the ask of pizza pie). List 5 and explain the effect of each of them on the demand of dominos Pizza. I currently tolerate in Allentown, Pennsylvania, which has a current population, ground off of the 2010 Census data, of 118,032 people. The full-grown amount of people that house in the 18 square mile city, which is the third largest in the state, solelyows for huge competition amongst the local twine and privately owned pizza pie pie pie restaurants. Within the city limits of Allentown, Pennsylvania, there are 3 Dominos pizza restaurants within 13.2 miles of each separate. The average median income per household is $49,025 and $37,356 per family.This can actuate the demand of pizza based on t he toll of the pizzas organism sold. The lower the income of a family is, the lesser the chances they go forth purchase take-out or fast intellectual nourishment. Typically, families that are on a fixed or smaller income exit live on a budget and normally that does not include the luxury of eating out. Looking at the expenditure of various Dominos Pizza, Pizza chantey and various local pizza restaurants, the average cost of a large, plain cheese pizza pie is $10.42. While this whitethorn be a good expenditure to some, families with a extravagantlyer number of members may not be willing to pay $10+ per pizza due to the fact that they most likely have to purchase in multiple quantities. 15 pct of the Allentown, Pennsylvania population get around by means of transportation other than a car, because a pizza restaurant runing deliin truth services will be a improvement to those not able to pick their pizza up.The local average fee for pizza delivery is $2.00, based off of two of the large chain pizza restaurants delivery fees. The local privately owned pizza restaurants do not charge a delivery fee, which is a greater demand for those residents looking to snuff it the least amount of money on their pizza lunch or dinner. Many pizza restaurants offer various pizza order specials, such as 2 large plain pies for $19.99. While that is a great offer, the larger chain pizza restaurants such as Dominos and Pizza Hut offer various specials like a large pizza for 8.00 or a large 3-topping pizza for $7.99. The only disadvantage of these specials is that the pizzas vary in their large size from restaurant to restaurant.2.Find the price snapshot of demand for Pizza online. Is it elastic, unit elastic, or inelastic? Explain how the price elasticity of demand can discover your decision to open the pizza store and your pricing policies? Price elasticity of demand is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price , assuming that all other factors influencing demand remain unchanged (McGuigan, 2011, pg. 70). With the average cost of pizza in Allentown, Pennsylvania being $10.42, it is still a very high demand product. If the price of pizza were to go up, the demand for pizza may drop slightly, making the demand in price insensitive. There are certain determinants that will affect the price elasticity such as disposable income and the prices of competitors products these cannot be controlled by the firm. Determinants that can affect the price elasticity of pizza that can be controlled by the firm are price, advertising, product feature and customer service (McGuigan, 2011, p. 69).The price elasticity demand for pizza is and will most likely invariably be inelastic, because even though the cost of the ingredients to make pizzas may change magnitude and decrease, pizza is a very popular product and will forever be in high demand. Being a role of the Dominos Pizza franchise, offering the var ious weekly and monthly specials will guarantee that the demand for pizza will not decline by a huge rate should the need to increase pricing a gos. This will not affect my decision to open a Dominos Pizza franchise, I am confident that the demand for pizza will only slightly decrease if frugal reasons forces pricing to rise. My pricing policies will always be in line with Dominos corporeal structure, therefore being able to offer special deals on pizzas will counter balance the rise on individual pizza pies.3.Explain the breed price elasticity. List 3 goods that you consider substitute to pizza in your area. How do they affect your decisions? (opening the store and pricing policy) Cross price elasticity is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in the quantity demanded of Good A to the percentage change in the price of Good B, assuming that all other factors influencing demand remain unchanged (McGuigan et al, 2011, pg. 87). If the price of pizzas rises and the demand dec reases by a certain percentage then this causes the need for pizza boxes will decline. This will be considered a negative cross price elasticity, and the two goods are complementary.On the other hand, if the price of pizza increases, and the demand for an alternative product increases, then this is considered substitutes, and the cross price elasticity is positive. near substitutes for pizza in the event the price rises could be Subway sandwich platters, KFC family bucket meals, and Chinese food platters. Families buy pizza because of the large quantity for a cheap price, but if the prices were to increase, then these same families may look for similar alternatives that will not empty their wallets. These are possible alternatives that offer a large quantity of food at a reasonable price that can affect the demand of pizza. However, observe the costs of the competing fast food restaurants in the Allentown, Pennsylvania area will allow Dominos to offer certain specials and pizza de als to the community that can keep their demand at a high rate.4.Explain how you will forecast the demand for pizza in your community for the next four (4) months, using the retrogression equation including the assumptions that were used. Justify the assumptions made related to the forecast.5.Based on the forecasting demand, price elasticity, and cross price elasticity discuss whether Dominos should establish a restaurant in your community. Provide a rationale and concur for the decision. Establishing another Dominos Pizza restaurant in the Allentown, Pennsylvania area will be a good idea because there is a true demand for pizzas. Referring to the price elasticity and the cross price elasticity, the positive outweighs the negative sides of supply and demand. Whether or not the price of pizzas goes up, the demand will always be sufficient enough to warrant the decision to open up a new restaurant.The price elasticity is inelastic because if and when the price of pizza increases, the demand for it will not be greatly affected. Dominos Pizzas financials for first quarter 2013 were released and the pizza giant had revenues up 8.6% from Q1 2012, and their net income was up 65.9% for the same period in 2012 (Dominos.com, 2013). This proves that even during the decline in the economy, the demand for pizza stays at the top. Dominos Pizza sells more than one million pizzas daily, it is safe to assume that opening a new Dominos in the Allentown area will not be a corky decision.

Theories Regarding How the Pyramids at Giza Were Constructed Essay Example for Free

Theories Regarding How the Pyramids at Giza Were Constructed shewThe Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the key mental synthesiss listed in the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is important to notice that what makes this structure supreme and memorable? This wonder was the tallest man made composition in 3800 years which is not except a will to its robustness but to mark it as the most remarkable structures. This monument exemplifies the accomplishments and advancements of architecture in Egypt (www. personal. psu. edu))t. on that point are many mysteries that are raised for its construction and also introduce assorted theories. It is important to notice that it is not the benefit that is eye capturing but the method and process of creating it is certainly fascinating. There are two particular theories such as transport theory which is presented by engineer and inventor, Andrzej Bochnacki and Limestone concrete theory by Materials scientist, Joseph Davidovits that hold the focus of many historians and scientists Discussion One of the most refined pyramid construction theories has been proposed by Polish engineer, Andrzej Bochnacki.In the book of Different Story about Pyramids, Andrzej suggests very inventive technology for moving the pyramid blocks from the pits to the construction place. He presents the method from which the stones moved to making the entire pyramid. He said that they must keep up made the paper boats which were placed on the top of the blocks and knotted up with ropes (Bochnacki, 1994). These movable boats were in wait to raise the water of Nile and so they can be considerably dragged to a preferred destination. The easiest way was to drag them to the west region of Nile where water flooded the fields.There is a discipline that portrays the moving of stones for making pyramid. Moreover, there is another coarse theory presented by Materials scientist, Joseph Davidovits. He claimed that Pyramids block are not the carved stone , but was mostly made from limestone concrete and they were forcefully thrown like modern concrete. As per this theory, soft limestone with high kaolinite capacity was tapped in the gully on the southern incline of the Giza Plateau.He suggested that the limestone was whence dissolved in Nile pools till it became slurry. It is important to notice that lime and natron are greatly in use in mummification by Egyptians. It might be possible that the pool were then allowed to evaporate, leaving a clay-like mixture. The scientist mentioned that this wetly concrete material will be carried to the site of construction where it would be alter into recyclable wooden molders and after few days it would undergo in a chemical reaction. , he suggested that new blocks can be casted in the place on the top of other blocks.This composition was tested by using the similar compounds which were brought out at the institute of geopolymer in northern France. It was discovered that these limes could knoll a structure of 1. 3- to 4. 5-ton blocks in few weeks (Barsoum, Ganguly Hug, 2006). But it is essential to notice that this theory was not true by the mainstream of academics. Davidovits method does not cover the entire ratiocination as the stones weighted more than 10 tons and his theory defines only 4. 5 tons growth.Moreover, different Geologists have cautiously inspected the suggested technique of Davidovits and cerebrate that his reasoning came from innate limestone tapped in the Formation of Mokattam. This theory is currently supported by Michel Barsoum, who is a researcher of material science. Barsoum and his fellows printed their findings at Drexel University which supports the theory of Davidovits in 2006 in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. They further discussed that institutionalize bubbles and mineral compounds are the samples of limestone and the blocks of pyramid are not made up of natural limestone.I guess that this theory holds certain reasons as a petrographer, Dipayan Jana also made a presentation in 2007 to the ICMA, in which he talks about the work of Barsoum and Davidovit and concluded that we are more far to accept the conflicting possibility of manmade structure of pyramid stones. Conclusion Certainly, the construction of Pyramid is mystery and many scientists and researchers have tried different methods to resolve this puzzling mystery. In my opinion, the theory of limestone concrete is more appropriate in its reasoning as it is based on the mere research of the stone material and certainly portrays the accuracy.The mystery holds great significance as it is about one of the worlds wonder that could not be easily left my scientist. The resolution to this mystery seems no ending as there are many discussions and debates have taken place regarding this construction enigma. The entire study of the Construct Pyramids at Giza was very interesting to retire about the interest of people in ancient monuments and their or igins. It certainly enhances the understanding about the cultural and diachronic usage of things and how peoples hard work and traditional ways brought outstanding creations.

Lower class citizens Essay Example for Free

Lower class citizens EssayIn our first workshop we looked at the distinct classes on base the large. We studied how the first, second, and third class passengers would react going on the large. We used still images to show our different facial and body expressions. Looking back at our work we could have improved the way we arranged our still images and could have used more than space up stage so that the audience had a better view of our body and facial expressions. I also think that we could have used more still images instead of just triple we could have used quintuple to show the contrasts of the different classed passengers on the titanic, this would have also improved our performance because the audience would have had a better view of wager and mannerisms from the characters. In the second workshop we looked at the titanic and the 9/11 attack. First, we started facial expression at the titanic and do 3 still images tom show the different type of characters, 1st, 2n d, and 3rd classed passengers. We developed these by adding hand gestures and facial expressions and also adding portion play. Using role play we had to think of the different uses of scent of voice and how each person would tell, like the 1st class passengers would use proper words and would speak clearly whereas the dismount class passengers would use cockney and wouldnt speak very clear. We then(prenominal) went on looking at the 9/11 attack on America in 2001.We then had to sterilise role play of a hijacker taking control of the plane and killing an air hostess mend she was giving out drinks. We then had to move on to making a role play. I compete a window cleaner, complaining about my job when the plane is coming at my windows that I am cleaning. We then did parrot on the shoulder to empathise the worry of those who were there. When we used role play we had to make sure that we used all the right facial and body expressions to show how we were reacting at the time of g enius of the largest disasters in history.In the third workshop we developed our understanding of hot seating, and used many examples of the titanic to help us. We had to be questioned by the group about his or her background, behaviour and motivation. The characters were based around the give on the titanic and had all sorts of questions asked to find information about the occupation. We created a scene in which enables us all to begin a detailed idea about what it was like to work on the titanic.In workshop four we firstly had to do 3 still images to show the towers standing, falling and the towers no longish standing at all. We had to think of how we could use of our body and facial expressions to show the audience the effects it had. We then looked at a piece of text called Requiem for Ground Zero by Stephen Benkoff. The piece of text told us how the twin towers exploded when the plane hit the building. We had to explore the text and then look at how we could use it in role p lay. My group first came up with three still images showing how three different people were trapped. We then looked at fallen.This was a phone call that was made when those who were trapped could get hold of their loved ones. We used split screen to show how the different phone calls are made and what is said. During this exercise we had to think about the way we would use body and facial expressions to show emotion. We then locomote on to role play. We created a scene that included levels and thought tracking to create more of an automated teller to our work. The levels meant that we could show what level the characters were, in relevance to showing how important they were in our role play.During workshop five we also did 3 still images on The survival list for the titanic. We used facial expressions and body quarrel to show to the audience the different class. For example the 1st class people would look down on the lower class and their heads would be up very high wheres the lo wer class people their heads would be down all the time. The higher class got to look at the list first so in this case we would see them pushing past the lower class citizens.The facial and body expressions that we used showed that the majority of higher class people were delighted about the news because they were first priority when it came to life boats and survival. The lower class people would be very upset, due to the fact that they werent as important when the life boats were being filled, so many of the lower classed passengers aboard the ship died.

The Use Of Information Technology In Finance Essay Example for Free

The Use Of Information Technology In Finance EssayThe institution is continuously under the process of change, ever since its inception. This change has resulted into a derive of advancements. Science and Technology has been at forefront in bringing these changes with the aim to ease the life of the people. Despite, this world a regular process, the acceleration of the change brought by randomness technology in the last degree Celsius is second to n matchless. In the recent history, no other eye socket of science has affected so numerous diverse walks of life, as the information technology did. Now, information technology is considered as the lifeblood for each organization, offering whatever sort of product or service. Information Technology requirement is now considered the part of infrastructure for all sort of problem activity. Today, when we recall the spread of reckoner and information technology few decades down the shop lane, we find the quote of the IBMs pre sident in 1940s who said, I think there is a world market for ab pop five computers. However, if we see the penetration of information technology in any walk of life, we find our lives miserable without it, no matter to what discipline of study do we belong.I convey a finance major and the field of finance and its associated handle are no exception and these fields have potential to make the most of information technology resources available worldwide at this halt of time. Thus, this article is intended to explore the possible applications of information technology in the field of finance.To carry out this assignment, four modes of information were explored. These were web search, blogs, job search and articles. The web search was done through Google and Alta Vista. few of the keywords used are as followsIT and FinanceUse of IT in FinanceApplication of IT in the field of financeStudying Finance using ITfiscal SoftwaresFeatures of Financial SoftwaresHow IT supports monetary dec isionsFinancial ERPs etcIn caser of Blogs, a number of blogs were explored. Two of them arehttp//www.corporatefinanceblog.com/http//www.bilgilizce.com/lectures-on-corporate-finance/Following Job Sites were explored.http//jobs.jobbankusa.com/js/action/searchresults.asphttp//hotjobs.yahoo.com/The job requirements for the accounts manager, director finance, financial consultants, and business analysts were explored.The sites that were explored are CIO.com, BusinessWeek.com, ComputerWorld.com etc. The key words used were financial solutions, finance and technology etc.When we aim at finance, five discreet fields come to our mind. These are corporate finance, trade finance, personal finance, populace finance. Looking from broader perspective, the student of Finance also studies its associated fields like banking, investment, derivatives, risk management, stock trading, financial education analysis etc.Each of these subfields also has application of information technology. However, bef ore going into details, first of all, lets look at the application of information technology in the field of finance, generally. In the field of finance, one of the most sophisticated and crucial, yet crucial delegate is to develop financial models to analyze the feasibility of various alternatives from the financial perspective. Previously, these models were used to be developed manually. However, now with the help f sophisticated applications and opening move resource planning (ERP) softwares like Oracle Financials and the financial modules of SAP provide the competency to develop ones own financial model within no time.No doubt, still the logic needs to be created by the professional of finance, but now he does not need to worry about minor calculation mistakes, leading to highly misleading results, all he has to worry about is the logic behind the model, the accuracy and speed that the information technology provides in the development financial model increases the capa city of that financial professional. This was just one application there is a whole arena of services that information technology has to offer to the students and professionals of the field of finance.Even the spreadsheets like Excel mass provide the capability of financial functions like scenario planning, what-if analysis and so on. At the professional level, the use of databases, data warehouse and business intuition helps in stylus analysis through application of actually advanced algorithms in very spectacular amount of data which is next to impossible manually and totally impossible to be done manually, if necessary to be done in the same amount of time that is required by a computer for the same task.However, once more, computer is the machine the dependability of the results depends on the logic provided by the operator. But now, advanced computer applications such as artificial erudition, neural networks etc. have also a limited capability of learning from past and deducing logic. If these systems become reliable and full tested in future, these applications can revolutionize the world of finance as well.Now lets have a brief look at the application of information technology in various branches of finance. In corporate finance, two most important goals are to increase the corporate value and reduce the financial risk. Risk analysis and management requires the trend analysis of past data. As already mentioned, through the use of data warehouse and business intelligence tools, this task can be done very efficiently. A data warehouse contains the archived data where as business intelligence tools help to extract meaningful information out of it. Likewise, data mining tools can be used to identify the trends in the past data.In public finance, the scope is large, resources are very limited and alternatives are very diverse. Thus, it requires using techniques like what-if analysis, goal seeking etc. A crease of tools are available to carryout thes e tasks, ranging from Microsoft excel to custom developed ERPs. In personal finance too, the use of automated tools save time. Likewise, the trade financing needs careful forecasting, a number of tools are available for that too, again ranging from excel to neural networks. Thus, in todays job market, the more sophisticated the financial task is, the more technical skills are required by the company.To sum up, the field of finance can leverage upon the opportunities of ease, accuracy and speed provided by information technology in order to increase the efficiency, effectiveness and reliability of financial decision, as these decisions have significant impact on the financial health of the organization in professional life. In this connection, I belief that the student of finance must be well certain and well acquainted with the opportunities that information technology provides to the field of finance.BibliographyChorafas, D. (2007). Risk Management Technology in Financial Service s (Elsevier Finance). St. Louis Butterworth-Heinemann.Financial-i Awards Kyriba the 2007 Prize for Most Innovative Cash Forecasting Solution. (2008, Feb. 26). Business Wire, 23.Lee, J., Trippi, R. (2000). Artificial Intelligence in Finance Investing State-Of-The-Art Technologies for Securities Selection and Portfolio Management. Milwaukee Irwin Professional Publishing.(2008). Handbook on Information Technology in Finance (International Handbooks on Information Systems). New York Springer.

Famous Botanist Francisco Hernandez Essay Example for Free

Famous Botanist Francisco Hernandez EssayDuring the time of 1700 hundreds some(prenominal) artist made their way to spain to seek out what they believed to be an art form but do in garden designs. So many people thought that this was a great cause and belived that this was they were meant to do for life.Francisco like other believed that this was the way to go so he to set to become a illustrious garden designer and soon he got his wish and was sent for by the duke of Earl. It took many eld to piece a good working condition with his boss so he just continued to bowl over his best at what he did which was deisgn the most beautiful garden that you would confound ever seen.For many years it wqould be difficult for him to do anything else vbut design because that is all he thought about all day. In the winter it wouod prove to be cruel to him but he weathered the storm and kept near ahead with what he was doing and that was to creat the perfect garden fro duke. Many times th e duke became frustrated with his work that he should have never sent for and this made Frncisco so very unhappy to where he put his all into what he was doing even more so but this was not enough until one day he at long last decided to tell his boss that he was to ask him to send him back home.

Huntingtons’s Concept and Its Applicability to the Contemporary World Essay Example for Free

Huntingtonss Concept and Its Applicability to the Contemporary World renderIntroduction Globalization and the trend in the politics has entered a new political schema after the World War II and as such, it is has drawn the interest of political theorists who had hoped to re-define and predict the future outcomes of planetary politics. Among the variant approaches, what had really attracted the attention of the media and the interested crowd is Huntingtons concept on the Clash of Civilizations theory.Huntingtons stereotypical claims and predictions regarding future outcomes of global relations had uncannily matched with that of the drastic event of the Al-Qaedas flack on September 11 on the Twin Towers. The event, which had caught global attention, is said to have been a take aim pop-out from Huntingtons essay and that event was resultant of the clash between the differing cultures of the American superpower and the Muslims of Afghanistan. The ethnic conflict, albeit on glob al scale, would be the political pattern after the Cold War.The question is, is Huntingtons concept unchanging applicable with the current trend of globalization? Here there is a basic assumption that conflicts come from ethnic differences and it is on these differences which leave alone feed the upcoming antagonism between the different nations. Al-Qaedas attack may have been likely accidental and that his reasons were not purely ethnic as in Huntingtons theory. In the paper, there is an attempt to investigate the flaws of Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations when placed in the larger context of globalization and international conflict.A thorough understanding of his paper first must be placated followed by criticisms and the more apt model that would fit the current trend for global political system. s The Clash of Civilizations is a theory proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in 1993 as a reaction to Fukuyamas book. Herein, Huntington expanded on the shift of gl obal patterns after the Cold War from the economic to traditional whereby conflicts argon more of culture clash.The globalization trend would function in the traditional cultural sense and get out no longer be confounded on ideological clashes as in the philosophcal claims before. Huntingtons thesis is relatively simple to understand in the manner that he had oversimplified and reduced everything It is my hypothesis that the fundamental descent of conflict in this new world exit not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural.Nation states will remain the intimately powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future. His basic premise is the culture clash as a elemental source of conflict and he divided the Globe into different ethnic groups representing the different civilizations, each embodying different religion African, Hindu, Western, Sinic, Orthodox, Islamic, Latin America and Japanese.From these different ethnic frontiers, will arise the future conflicts and he had cited the cases of India and Pakistan. What is most daunting of his perceptions is that the Superpower of America will face a decline and the shift will be on the combined powers of Sino-Islamic group. Equally daunting is Huntingtons concept that what had fueled this antagonism is the purposive role of teology in the different civilizations, most particularly, that of the Islams.

I Had a Job I Liked Once by Guy Vanderhaeghe Essay Example for Free

I Had a Job I like Once by Guy Vanderhaeghe EssayGuy Vanderhaegh takes us back a few decades in the retelling of a court case in sm wholly town, Saskatchewan in the play, I Had a Job I liked. Once. Using elements of style, staging and growing characters through out(a) the play Vanderhaegh portrays to the audience the theme of the biases and prejudices that come with living in a sm comp permitely town. The story is set in small town Saskatchewan in a police force station office, on the wickedness of August of 1957.Corporal Heasman has brought in Les Grant on the account of charge rape Tracy Tolbertson, and the play follows the questioning of Sergeant Finestad to Les, who retells his involvement with Tracy, the daughter of Mr. Tolbertson, the local crown attorney. The story has umteen sub conflicts the tension between Finestad and Tolbertson cosmos a main one. Tolbertson wants his daughters acc ingestiond rapist behind bars, but Finestad wants to get the whole story instead of just listening to Tolbertson.Then in that respect is the conflict of Finestad with himself for years he has followed the law and stuck to the book, but in this case he is having a big(p) time sticking to the black and white because he feels that there is more to the story. All these sub conflicts underlie to the main conflict of the prejudices and biases that come from living in a small town, and the difficulties that come with dealing with that. These conflicts all lead up to the climax where Finestand goes against Tolbertson and against the prejudices of the town and lets Les Grant go, without charging him.Vanderhaegh does a truly good job of developing the characters in this play. We ar first introduced to Sergeant Finestad who has a rattling strong character-he likes being charged and doesnt do well with being told what to do. Finestad undergoes a very big character change through the telephone line of this play. At the beginning, Finestad is very strict to the law, s trict to the rules. As he says to Heasman before Les is brought in to be questioned, secret code or so police work is personal. We follow the law, Tom. Were the keepers of the rules. If we dont keep them, what right do we bring on to enforce them? This comes after he writes on the chalk board in big see-through letters NOT PERSONAL. Through questioning Les Grant and learning his story, we see him change at the end where he lets Les go, not charging him and saying, something broke bring tonight, Tom. Either the book, or me. He realized that he couldnt charge Les just based on what it says in the book. The otherwise character who undergoes change in the story is Les. Les comes from a very rough family, and has had some challenges throughout his life, but he has stayed a good, gumptious kid.He now works at the town swimming pool in the pump room, which is where he is changed. At the pool Les is bullied very badly- every day when he gets to work there is something new indite ab out him or his mother on the bathroom walls, which he has to clean up. He puts up with this for so long until he finally cant do it anymore and snaps, which is when he allegedly sacked Tracy. Les is then pass judgmentd because of his family oscilloscope, and almost found guilty just based on the prejudices against him. There be other characters that help to contribute to the conflict as well.Corporal Heasman who works with Finestad is constantly against him, wanting Les to be charged to make Mr. Tolbertson happy. Mr. Tolbertson, as Finestad describes him, likes to win, so the rules get ignored or ben. The laws a game. He doesnt bother with protocol, but is just used to getting what he wants, in this case being Les being charged. He is a hard nut who always gets his way and orders everyone around, especially his wife and Tracy. Because of this, Tracy rebels and brings out her anger making other people feel bad, such as Les Grant.All these characters come unneurotic into forming the main conflict. Guy Vanderhaeghe broaches a theme that can be very relatable to people growing up in small towns. After Finestad releases Les Grant, he explains to Heasman the reason. He recalls a poem from his grade three teacher that has the lines Tyger Tyger Burning bright/In the forests of the night. He always asks himself, Who made the tiger? Who made the tiger? He then goes on to say, Who made Les Grant? They did. And who made that girl? More of the same. Poor, sorry, fucked up tigers.And you and me-were speculate to play tiger tamer. After theyve used their teeth. I might have been up to the game-once, but all of a sudden it seems too complicated for rules-for me. This is where the main theme of small town prejudices is revealed, and how theres more to people that what meets the eye. Society judges people based on their first natural depressions of what they see and what theyve perceive about them. The question Who made the tiger? refers to the events and families in peoples past that shape who that puppylike person becomes.Tracys dad was very strict and hard on her, which makes her rebel, booster cable her to writing the reprehensible things about Les on the wall. Les has had to deal with his rough family life growing up which automatically causes people to judge him. Heasman describes them as a Bad bunch, the Grants. Les has also been bullied for such a long time that it causes him to act out. He is good kid, but all these outside influences came into making him make a bad decision. As he explained to Finestad, Taking it from them for as long as I remember, that gave me the right. He believed that he had the right to do that to Tracy because he has had so many things happen to him in the past. This play deals with the prejudices society has against people and how that shapes them into who they are. Guy Vanderhaeghs use of styling really emphasizes many things in the play, whether it be through the use of different language, symbolism or repetition. Finestads injured back is one symbol of his relationship with Les. When Finestad hurts his back, he asks for Les to help him and says, Dont let them see me like this.Please dont give me away. He is humiliated and Les helps him, keeping his promise. At the end of the story, the tables are turned and Les is now the one who needs help. Les is asking Finestad to not lay a charge. He says, Dont give me away to them. Thats what you asked when your back went out. Thats what you asked me. His back symbolizes the debt he owed to Les. The Tiger in Finestads poem also symbolizes Les Grant and Tracy Tolbertson, who had many things contributing into making who they are and resulting in the actions they did.Vanderhaegh also uses Tolbertsons appearances as a way to contribute to the rising action of the play, leading right up to the climax. At first Tolbertson is just mentioned when Heasman and Finestad are talking about them, then he calls and Finestad ignores him, and finally he s hows up trying to threaten Finestad. In all three appearances, Finestad put Mr. Tolbertson down leading right up to the climax where he completely opposes Mr. Tolbertson and does not charge Les.The repetition of acknowledging the decree book also emphasizes Finestads character change. He went from following itsevery word to forgetting about it and going against it at the end. The staging also helps in contributing to creating the mood of the play. The whole play takes drive in the one office at the police station with no scene change. This set is very basic, which makes you focus on the characters and their actions instead of their surroundings.The lighting used helps to seduce the atmosphere for the memories Les has, such as it creating a lattice-work effect to suggest a grill at the pool, or the dimming of the lights suggesting a soft summer night on the day Les picks up Tracy.Instead of scene changes, characters enter and exit the scene giving the impression of a new location. Even in memories, Tracy actually enters the office as Les is describing the memory so as to give the audience a better understanding of what happened. The use of different sounds, such as plash at a swimming pool or music in a car helps create the atmosphere as well. At the end of scenes, the characters do not leave, rather the lights blackout. The scene is different, but they are still in the same place. This gives you a sense of mood change to the scene.Finestad never leaves the office until the very end of the play, where he turns the office light off, walks out and the curtain comes down, giving you the sense of finality. Many things have to come together in a play to get the main message across. With Guy Vanderhaeghs effective use of styling, staging and character building he efficiently gets across to the audience the nous that with small towns come prejudices and biases, and that before making judgments you need to understand a persons background and circumstances to get t he whole story. I Had a Job I Liked. Once. is an interesting play with a good message to take home.

Eating Disorders Essay Example for Free

Eating Disorders EssaySpecific Purpose To inform my interview about the three main types of ingest sicknesss. Central Idea To inform my audience about anorexia, bulimia, and thrust eating.IntroductionTwo years ago, I was hit with the news that my mentor was leaving to go to Remuda Ranch, which I learned was a rehabilitation center for women struggling with eating or anxiety disorders. This was extremely heavily for me to hear because she is deal my big sister and I c ar a lot about her and scorned that she had to go through something like this. After she left, I did a lot of research on eating disorders. I did this just so I would get to a better understanding on what she was going away through, and also to find out how I could help her, things I could say or do. So straightaway I am going to share with you about three different types of eating disorders.Body(Transition First, I am going to talk about Anorexia Nervosa.) I. According to the National Eating Disorder Assoc iation, they define anorexia by self-starvation and excessive angle loss. A. Anorexia is a mental health condition and is rated one of the highest death rates. 1. Anorexia is one of the more frequent psychiatric diagnoses in young women. 2. Around 90-95% of individuals who receive from anorexia are female. 3. Anywhere from 5-20% of people who suffer from anorexia depart die.B. Although those who fight anorexia fuck off a list of different symptoms, there are four mention ones to look for. 1. They refuse to maintain body weight at a minimal normal weight that is healthy for their body shape, age, and height. 2. The second one is that they have a deep fear of weight pull together. 3. Also, they have a severe concern with their body weight and shape. 4. Finally, in women, a loss of menstrual periods will occur. (TransitionNext, I am going to talk about Bulimia.)II. Based off of the website, nationaleatingdisorder.com, Bulimia is a disorder where a mortal indulges in habitual c hoke ups and then tries to avert any sort of weight gain by vomiting, taking pills, fasting, laxatives, or excessive exercising. A. Bulimia is extremely dangerous because it is one of the harder eating disorders to find oneself in individuals. 1. More commonly, it is preceded by dieting behavior.2. Those who are bulimic are ordinarily at an average or normal weight. B. Sufferers of bulimia compare their self-worth too heavily on their size and weight. 1. This mindset usually leads to constant feelings of isolation, harmful thoughts, and extreme low self-esteem. 2. An another(prenominal) thing is that more often than not, they recognize that their behaviors and actions are not normal, which sets in an extra feeling of guilt and loneliness. C. Again, there are a ton of symptoms that note up with having bulimia, but there are four main ones that usually reside in almost bulimics. 1. Bulimics repeatedly go through the cycle of bingeing and purging. 2. When they binge, they eat way b eyond the feeling of being advantageously full. 3. Most times, bingeing will cause them to feel guilty which points them in the direction of dieting.4. Last thing is again, they have extreme concern with their body and weight, in other words really low self-esteem and hazard issues. (Transition Finally, I am going to end with Binge eating.) III. Binge eating, also known as arrogant eating, a lot of the time gets confused with Bulimia. Although they are a lot alike, they have one major(ip) difference that sets them apart. People who endure binge eating do not purge. A. Binge eating is outlined by uncontrollable, excessive eating. 1. Binge eaters often use food to replace a void, in other words, they use it as a way to block out feelings, emotions, and daily stresses. 2. After a binge, the person feels a enormous amount of guilt and shame. 3. Following the feelings of guilt and shame often leads to fasts and dieting. B. A binge eating disorder isnt caused by just one factor, but ma ny. A couple examples of these factors could be a persons genetics, life experiences, and emotions.1. Recent research has hand overn that binge eating, along with other eating disorders, is traffic withbiological abnormalities. The website www.mirror-mirro.com, says that one cause of binge eating is related to the hypothalamus, which is a part of the forefront that controls the appetite. It is said that the hypothalamus sends false signals to the brain in regards to hunger. 2. A lot of the time, emotional feelings of depression, is connected to binge eating. Statistics show that half of those struggling with binge eating are depressed or have been, usually dealing with a monumental moment which changed their life. 3. Life changing experiences, like being sexually or emotionally abused, are a huge factor in anyones life who suffers from any kind of an eating disorder. Family plays a huge role, whether being extremely critical, especially regarding the body, can lead to being a dup e of an eating disorder later in life.IV. ConclusionWhether it be anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating, eight one thousand million people in the United States alone, battle with an eating disorder. This number is disturbingly high and continues to increase each(prenominal) year. Although all different anorexics fight starvation, bulimics wrestle with bingeing and purging, and binge eaters battle with bingeing and fasting. It is important to realize that eating disorders arent all about poor self-images and low self esteem, but dealing with many other factors like genetic make-up and the need for control.Works CitedEating Disorder Information Bulimia, Anorexia, Binge/Purge authoritative Overeating. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. http//www.myeatingdisorder.com/myeatingdisorder/index.asp.National Eating Disorders Association. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. http//www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/.National Eating Disorders Association. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. http//www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/information-resour ces/general-information.phpcauses-eating-disorders.

Synthesis Techniques for Fabrication of Nanofibers

discount techniques for Fabrication of NanofibersChapter 02Synthesis TechniquesIntroductionThe unalike synthesis techniques for fabrication of nanofibers and nanoparticles will be discussed briefly in this chapter. The selected techniques and the experimental single-valued function for the synthesis of the nanoparticles and composite nanofibers will be discussed in detail.Synthesis Techniques for NanoparticlesSynthesis method being use for the preparation of nano visibles is one of the most important factors that affect the divers(prenominal) properties of the nano stuffs.There atomic number 18 two study classes of synthesis techniques used for preparation of nanoparticlesbottom-up approachTop-down approachBottom-up ApproachBottom-up approach alludes to the synthesis techniques in which nanoparticles argon created from atomic scale to nanoscale. There are different techniques which refer to bottom-up approachCo-precipitation techniqueSol-gel techniqueWet-Chemical MethodsIn these methods the precursor solutions with appropriate stoichiometric ratios are mix together and litigateed through heating resulting in the desired product. Wet chemical methods are expedient because the particle size and shape is controllable and also the homogeneity in particle size dispersal can be achieved by these methods ref. these factors play a vital role in enhancing the different properties of the material such as structural properties, thermal properties, electrical properties etc.The given examples of the bottom-up method are categorized as wet-chemical techniques. In co-precipitation method, the precursor solutions are mixed together and are heated at an appropriately selected temperature. The nucleation occurs precipitates are formed. The by by-products are washed away and the resulted powderise is further appendageed for the different desired characterizations.Both the methods are advantageous in their own ways but sol-gel method is more convenient and effic ient method for the preparation of nanomaterials at appropriately selected conditions. Also the study drawback of co-precipitation method is the non-uniformity of particles cod to the intense agglomeration during the synthesis refTop-down ApproachIn top-down approach, the material is carry outed from bulk arouse to nano regime by a number of methods. Solid state reaction method is one of top-down methods.Solid-state Reaction MethodIn solid state reaction method the precursors are straight mixed and ground into fine powder. The powder is further cognitive goed through hydraulic press and is pelletized for senior high heat treatment generally said to be sintering. The sintered pellet is characterized to check the desired properties of the sample.The process occurs at the interface of the solids (precursors) at higher temperature. The appropriate processing temperature and reaction time is selected particularly for the precursors used. At higher temperature, the diffusion of re actants starts causing the reaction to begin. For faster reaction, high ascend contact area of the solids and weensy diffusion distance for the reactant is required which is attained by the well-mixing of the precursors ref.Although this is a low-cost method but the major drawback of this method is the non-homogeneity in particle distribution and size. Impurity in desired cast is also introduced during the grinding effect of the precursors. The desired nanostructure is also not easy to achieve by this process ref 54.Sol-gel Synthesis Technique for NaxLi1-xCoO2 (x=0.0,0.5,1.0)Sol-gel method is one of the wet-chemical methods for the preparation of the conglomerate nanostructures. The variety of nanostructures can be produced by controlling the various parameters of sol-gel process such as the type of precursors, event type, processing temperature etc. the major advantage of the sol-gel process over other methods is the phase purity of the product as well as the homogeneity in the particle size and particle size distribution.This process involves two major moveHydrolysisCondensationHydrolysis of the selected surface oxide precursor occurs forming the particular hydroxides. The condensation occurs to form a network of linked hydroxides in the form of involved porous gel.In sol-gel process the precursor solutions are mixed together with a suitable gelling agent in appropriately selected ratio. The solution is then mixed samely and heated until the gel is formed. The temperature is further win to burn the gel which results in powder formation. The powder is heat treated and characterized to study the desired properties. observational ProcedureSol-gel method is used for the preparation of composition NaxLi1-xCoO2 (x=0.0,0.5,1.0). the precursors used are Li2SO4.H2O (99.99% purity), Cu(NO3)2.6H2O (99.99% purity) and NaNO3 (99.99% purity). The selected precursors were added in appropriate stoichiometric amounts into ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol was use d as gelling agent. The molar ratio between the total ken of precursors to the volume of the gelling agent was kept 114 to achieve the homogeneity. The solution was initially magnetically move at room temperature to get the consistent solution. The solution was then heated at 1002C until the formation of the gel. The temperature of the gel was further increased upto 1502C which caused the gel to burn.The resulted powder was hen processed through hydraulic press to prepare pellets of dimensions 13mm x 3mm. the sintering of the pellets was done at 550 C for two hours to achieve high phase purity.The rise diagram of the experimental procedure is given in figure 2.1Synthesis Techniques for NanofibersThere are a number of techniques used to fabricate nanofibers, some of them are mentionedDrawingTemplate SynthesisPhase SeparationSelf-AssemblyElectrospinningBrief detail of all these techniques is given belowDrawingDrawing is the techniqus to fabricate long single nanofiber one-by-one from the droplet of polymer. by-line steps are involved in this techniquea substrate material is applied a millimeter drop of polymer solutiona micropipette is moved towards the drop.When micropipette comes in contact with the drop, it is pulled back with a certain rate. which depends upon the nature of the polymer solution.A long nanofiber is careworn from the liquid.The diameter of the resultant nanofiber depends on the type of the polymer, its composition, drawing velocity and speed of evaporation of the solvent.The major drawback of this technique is that only a strong viscoelastic material that can undergo strong deformation during this process when stress is applied while pulling the nanofiber, can be used in this process. So, choice of material is limited in this process.Template SynthesisIn template synthesis, a metal oxide membrane having pores of nanoscale diameter is used. The metal oxide membrane is placed over a solidifying solution. Polymer solution is extruded by th e membrane by applying high water pressure over it. Polymer solution after passing through the membrane comes in contact with solidifying solution which converts the polymer solution into nanofibers. The diameter of the nanofibers depends on the diameter of the pores of membrane. Fig. 2.2 show the different steps involved in this process.Phase separationIn this mechanism, separation of phases is involved due to the physical incompatibility. Following are the steps involvedA polymer is mixed with a suitable solventGelation occurs in this kindThe lowest step involves the separation of phases. One of the phases-which is that of the solvent- is extracted leaving behind the other remaining phase. The remaining phase is the nanofibrous structure.Self-AssemblySelf-assembly processing involves the smaller molecules as basic building blocks to build-up the nanofibers. Molecules are spontaneously organized into an individual and abiding structure with preprogrammed non covalent bonds.Nanof ibers of really thin diameter can be fabricated using this process but it requires very complicated procedures. The low productivity is another limitation of this method.ElectrospinningThis is the selected synthesis technique for the current research work. Electrospinning is the most efficient and simple technique to produce ultra-thin nanofibers.There are different components of the electrospinning frame-up which includeHigh voltage sourceSyringeNeedleMetal CollectorSchematic of electrospinning processHigh voltage source is used in this procedure. The positive end of the source is connected with the hassle while the metal collector is grounded by connecting it with the negative end of the voltage source. This creates the potential difference between the two ends which accelerates the polymer solution from the chivvy towards the collector in the form of solution cat valium. Before the solution jet reaches the collector surface, the solvent of the solution is evaporated and is c ollected as an interconnected web of the fibers. The polymer solution in the needle is held due to its surface emphasis, which induces a charge on the solution surface. The charge repulsion and contraction among the surface charge and its counter electrode causes a force that is directly opposite to the surface tension.As the intensity of the electric field increases, the hemispherical surface of the solution at the tip of the needle elongates to form a cone-shaped shape called Taylor cone. As the electric field is further increased, the repulsive electrostatic force overcomes the surface tension of the solution and jet of the solution is ejected from the Taylor cone. The ejected polymer solution undergoes instability and elongation process which allows the jet to become very long and thin. Meanwhile the solvent is evaporated from the polymer solution, leaving behind a charged polymer fiber.In electrospinning technique at that place are different processing parameters which affec t the diameter of the nanofibers. These parameters include voltage, needle tip to collector distance, hand rate and the concentration.This method is advantageous over other methods due to its versatility, cost effectiveness and also by controlling the different processing parameters the dimensions of the nanofibers can be controlled.Sol-gel Combined Electrospinning TechniqueCombining sol-gel method with electrospinning is the most convenient technique to prepare composite nanofibers.the different precursors involved in the sol-gel technique have different hydrolysis rate which leads to the in homogeneity of sol. To avoid such probles, electrospinning is combined with the sol-gel process. The problem is solved by electrospinning procedure due to the confinement of the different sol-gel reaction stages (hydrolysis, condensation and gelation) withing extremetly small space i-e the spinning jet and the final nanofiber ref.Experimental ProcedureSol-gel combined electrospinning technique is used for the preparation of composite nanofibers with NaxLi1-xCoO2 (x=0.0,0.5,1.0). The precursors used are Li2SO4.H2O (99.99% purity), Cu(NO3)2.6H2O (99.99% purity) and NaNO3 (99.99% purity). The polymers selected for this take were Poly vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight of 40,000 g/mol and Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) having a molecular weight of 89,000 g/mol.Polymer Solution PreparationPolymer solution was prepared by firstly selecting the appropriate solvents for the selected polymers. The solvent used for the PVP polymer was Ethanol and that for PVA polymwer was DI water. The molarity of PVP and PVA polymer solution were calibrated as 0.008M and 0.0006M respectively. Both polymers were individually added to their respective solvents and the solutions were magnetically stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. After acquiring the homogeneity, some(prenominal) solutions were mixed together and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.Precursors Solution PreparationT he precursors solution was each prepared. The precursors were added to their respective solvents separately and magnetically stirred at room temperature. DI water was used as a solvent for Li2SO4.H2O while ethanol was used for Cu(NO3)2.6H2O and NaNO3. 0.2M solutions were prepared for each precursor separately. After acquiring the homogeneous solutions, all three solutions were mixed together and magnetically stirred for 45 min.After achieving a homogeneous precursors solution, the polymer solution was added to it. the final solution was heated and stirred at 1005C for 1 hour. The resultant solution was then loaded to the syringe and was further processed through electrospinning.The figure shows the flow diagram of the discussed method