Related Literature in Technology and Lifesyles free essay sample

This study examined the effects of computer use and other technologies, such as instant messaging, handheld gaming devices, and MPH players, and the impact they have on students peer relationships, academic involvement, and lately lifestyles. Results show both positive and negative effects on all three constructs of psychosocial development, including differences based on gender and race. Student engagement on campuses is different than it was a decade ago. According to Arena (2004), engagement is simply defined as the time and effort spent on activities (p. 0). Students still concentrate on Jan M. Lloyd is the director of student life at the University of South Florida in Alkaline in Orlando, FL. Laura A. Dean is assistant professor of counseling human development services at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA. Diane L. Cooper is a professor of counseling human development services at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA. 481 Unsparingly, 2007, Volvo. 44, no. 3 academics, participate in student organizations, and communicate with faculty and friends. However, with the introduction of technology, the ways that students communicate, interact, and engage in activities have changed. With online degrees, smart boards, whiteboards, chat tools, Internet video conferencing, digitized movies, and electronic libraries (Lenient, Madden, Within, 2005), college students have more access to and use of technology than any other generation. Technology has now moved into everyday use with the introduction of things such as Backbone in 2004 (Kim, 2005) and pods to listen to music and watch videos. Increasingly, students own, rather than just use, a variety of technological devices. A report by Kava and Caruso (2005) found that 62% of students own a desktop computer, while 55% own a laptop, 90% own a cellular phone, and 38% own a music device. Although some research has shown the impact computer and electronic mail use has on student learning, little research has been conducted to explore the impact of various types of technology use, including instant messaging, blobs, Pod, and Backbone on student development. In addition, little has been done to explore the differences between students based on gender and ethnicity.With the increase in technology use by students, higher education institutions are investing money into new technologies for college students in order to meet the needs and expectations of this technologically generation. Duke University gave pods to all incoming freshmen in 2004 as an experiment in education, student life, and technology (Carlson, 2004). Winnow State University gave laptops to their incoming students for 6 years and are now giving them tablet personal computers. University of Maryland in College Park gave away free Blackberrys (Carlson, 2004). The Campus Computing Project (Campus Computing, Retrieved April 3, 2005 from http:// www. Communicating. Net) found that 64% of higher education institutions surveyed have strategic plans for wireless networks (Wife) and that almost 29% of those institutions already have campus-wide Wife systems running. Research has shown that students are comfortable with and use electronic mail and the Internet for both academic and social reasons (Arena, 2005; SKU Huh, 2001). Kvass and Caruso (2005) found that students primarily use computers for electronic mail (99. ). 482 They also use computers for writing documents for coursework (98. 9%), surfing the Internet to support their coursework (98. 4%), and surfing the Internet for pleasure (94. 8%). In addition, 81 % of students use instant messaging, while 75% listen to music and 61% play computer games. On average, students in the 2005 study reported that they spend 11 to 15 hours a week using technology. Despite the increase in all types of technology, little is known about how these technologies impact student development (Lewis, Courses, Khan, 2001 ).A perception by colleges is that technology will have a positive impact on student learning. Academically, computers allow students to communicate with faculty more often (Arena, 2005), which can improve student-faculty relationships. Students claim to have a better understanding of course material through the use of technology in the classroom (Arena, 2005). Some research studies, however, have conflicting results. SKU and Vesper (2001 ) examined the relationship between students use of computers and students cognitive and intellectual development gains reported on the College Student Experiences Questionnaire.These 23 developmental gains include student reported gains such as writing clearly, ability to learn on own, understanding other people, and understanding science as some examples. Students who used computers more often outscored students with low use on every developmental gain. Students also scored significantly higher on learning how to function as a team member. The authors surmise that computers may make it easier for students to communicate with one another and therefore does not hinder students social skills.However, a study by Flower, Appeasable, and Pierson (2000) examined the extent of computer and electronic mail use related to students cognitive and intellectual development. They found that computer and electronic mail use had little impact on composite cognitive development, reading comprehension, mathematics, and critical thinking. Finally, a study by SKU and Huh (2001) explored computer and information technology (CIT) use and learning and development outcomes for students. They found no difference in technology use between ethnic groups. Men used CIT more often than women. First- year students used CIT less frequently than seniors. Regarding developmental outcomes, students reported that using electronic mail 483 Unsparingly, 2007, Volvo. 44, no. 3 increased their personal development in regards to their ability to get along tit others and understand themselves and increased their intellectual development in regards to their ability to write effectively and synthesize ideas. The use of electronic mail did not increase their general education regarding their ability to understand history and their knowledge about the world. These studies only address computer and electronic mail use and not an extensive use of other technology compared to student development outcomes.More research needs to be done to address students academic, emotional, and physical well-being related to technology use (Lewis, Courses, Khan, 2001). In spite of some benefits associated with computer and electronic mail use, there are several concerns that need to be considered. Truer and Beloit (1997) discuss the concept of cocooning where students may retreat to their computers and isolate themselves from campus activities. Another concern addresses the impact of face-to-face communication versus virtual communication.Although teenagers in Lenient, Madden, and Hatpins study (2005) reported they preferred instant messaging to phone or electronic mail, most college students state that electronic mail would not put an end to face-to-face communication (Arena, 2005; Scorcher, 997). Another concern is access to technology. Not all students have access or skill for technology, and this could impact students learning. In a review of literature, Tango (2003) suggested that Latino/a students academic success is linked to face-to-face interactions with faculty and staff and that an increase in technology will decrease this type of interaction.No empirical evidence addressed how technology impacts students of different ethnicities. A final point addressed in the literature concerns the addictive behavior of Internet use. Scorcher (1997) investigated college students Internet use and the extent Of Internet dependency. Ten clinical symptoms Of Internet dependency were developed by the author. Students who reported three or more of these symptoms were categorized as Internet dependent users. Students, in her study, used the Internet to maintain relationships, for academic use, and to meet new people.Males used the Internet more on a weekly basis than females, which supports the research by SKU and Huh (2001 NSAP Journal, 2007, Volvo. 44, no. 3 Independent users focused more on academic use than dependent users (92% vs.. 88%). Dependent users played more games, used chat lines more, ND utilized the Internet more to experiment socially, to seek sexual material, and to seek illegal material than independent users. In addition, the results showed a concern for students interpersonal development since independent users sign efficiently utilize face-to-face communication more than dependent users.This brief literature review provides a foundation in understanding how technology, specifically computer use, impacts student learning. Little to no empirical research has been conducted to explore the impact various technologies have on student development components. Student development components include psychosocial development as well as cognitive and moral development. Checkering and Reissue (1993) provide a psychosocial development model through which college students progress in developing an identity. One of the key components includes developing interpersonal relationships with peers.Technology provides an opportunity for students to stay constantly connected with one another, but how that technology impacts their peer relationships has not been fully examined. Another component of the Checkering and Reissue model is establishing identity, which includes having a healthy lifestyle. Good health and wellness practices are important for students to succeed in college and life. Technology could interfere with these practices if students have dependent behaviors. A further aspect to consider is the extent to which technology impacts students educational involvement.Arena (2005) found that students use the Internet to interact with faculty, find campus resources, and access academic content. However, there is little in the current literature related to how technology impacts students academic progression through well- defined educational goals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that varying types of technology have on several aspects of psychosocial development. Extent of use was used as a factor in this research, as were race, gender, and other demographic variables. 85 Method A two-part Student Technology Use Survey was developed by the researchers and distributed to a convenience sample of undergraduate students enrolled in several courses offered by the Department of Counseling and Human Development Services at a large research institution in the Southeast. The first part of the survey asked students to respond regarding the number of ours they used 1 4 various technologies, including computers, video gaming devices, MPH players, TVs, DVD players, personal digital assistants (PDA), and cellular phones and the specific purpose (I. . , academic work, entertainment, meet new people, communicate with faculty, communicate with friends, relaxing). The purposes were related to each of the 14 different technologies. The survey was initially reviewed by six student affairs professionals who are well-versed in college student developmental issues, technology types, and uses. In addition, the survey was disseminated to 10 undergraduate students for their review. Changes suggested by these professionals and the students were incorporated into the final version that was distributed in the spring of 2006.The second part Of the Survey included three subtasks of the Student Developmental Task and Lifestyle Assessment (SADLY; Winston, Miller, Cooper, 1999). The authors defined these as: Peer Relationships?Having accomplished this subtask, students describe their relationships with peers as shifting toward greater trust, independence, frankness, and individuality; and as feeling less need to conform to the standards of friends or to conceal shortcomings or disagreements.Educational Involvement?students who have accomplished this subtask have well-defined educational goals and plans, are knowledgeable about available resources, and are actively involved in the academic life of the college/university. Salubrious Lifestyle?This scale measures the degree to which a students lifestyle is consistent with or promotes good health and wellness practices. 486 These particular constructs were selected for inclusion after reviewing the literature cited above concerning possible developmental impact of technology use on traditional age college students.The SADLY has been hon. in previous studies to be both reliable and valid for measuring these thre e constructs (Wash Cooper, 2002). In addition, reliability tests with these three subtasks have been shown to be . 65. 71 for Peer Relationships, . 79-. 82 for Educational Involvement, and . 7177 for Salubrious Lifestyle (Winston, Miller, Cooper, 1999). The Student Technology Use Survey was distributed to 475 undergraduates. A total of 385 valid instruments were then used in the data analysis, resulting in an 81% return rate. Students were not required to complete the survey, but class time was given for students who wanted to stay to complete it. The final sample included 1 53 men (38. 4%) and 226 women (56. 8%), with 6 (4. 8%) not reporting and so removed from further analysis on this variable. Demographics on gender in this study were representative of the campus population. The respondents included 315 (81. 8%) White, 33 (8. 6%) African American, 24 (6. 2%) Asian, 7 (118%) Hispanic, 2 (. 5%) Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 2 (. 5%) multiracial students, with 2 (. 5%) not responding.

Journal Hospitality Management International -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Hospitality Management International? Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) mentions that each and every business has the accountability towards the community whether it is social, environmental or else commitments towards stakeholders counting employees, creditors as well as suppliers, shareholders together with community in general. For several numbers of years, tobacco corporations have been condemned as evil marketing harmful products and participating in diverse unethical exercises. However, in reaction to this, tobacco manufacturing firms have necessarily propagated various disclosures that can help in positioning themselves on a high moral stand for winning the hearts as well as minds of customers. The current section on introduction elucidates in detail the disparagement of the entire tobacco industry by different groups and illustrates the reason why Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has now become a means for these tobacco companies to reflect that this kind of criticisms are groundless. Again, in the curre nt era of corporate social responsibility and regulation of WHO along with other health governing bodies for maintenance of health standards is making attempts to satisfy necessities of CSR and following WHO in their business stratagems. Nevertheless, there are several governing bodies of health counting WHO that questions the overall credibility of the CSR strategies adopted by this specific tobacco industry. Consequently, this can be said that there exists an obligation to redefine the social, environmental as well as ethical standards of this tobacco industry. The study intends to examine and ascertain whether the entire tobacco industry has the capability to handle overall responsibilities of CSR and effective ways in which the tobacco companies can implement the CSR strategies. Research Title/Research Questions Essentially, it is imperative for this tobacco industry to satisfy accountabilities of CSR and play their specific role in the process of consumer protection as well as prevention of the environment (Morton and Greenland 2018). However, the primary purpose of this current study is to ascertain whether the entire tobacco industry has the ability to handle overall accountabilities of CSR and effective ways in which they can implement the same. The research questions that have been formulated in this regard include the following: Corporate social responsibility essentially indicates towards actions in which different controversial corporations intend to win back social respectability by altering the overall image of the corporation. However, this is necessarily a public relation associated practice without any kind of real alterations in the overall policy (Harizan and Hamid 2015). Nevertheless, the CSR has been initiated over the past two decades by tobacco industries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) CSR of particularly the tobacco industry can be considered to be an inherent contradiction. In essence, CSR that is regarded as an important weapon for corporations endeavours to enhance their image. Nonetheless, it can be hereby said that there subsists no widely accepted framework for the CSR that mentions minimum standards for specific social performance although the public institutions namely the European Commission has attempted. In actual fact, this is said to generate abundant opportuniti es for different corporations in presenting themselves as socially accountable firms (McDaniel et al. 2016). Thus it allows in development of different CSR programmes although usage of tobacco can be considered to the entire worlds foremost cause of diverse preventable deaths. In particular, tobacco associated deaths are forecasted to increase over and above 8.3 million individuals during the year 2030 from the documented figure of 5.4 million during the year 2005. This is because actions of different transnational tobacco corporations spread the overall smoking epidemic to different developing nations. As the tobacco companies do not have the permission to advertise or promote companys products as per rules, participating in corporate social responsibility actions offers a substitute course to arrive at various audiences. Yet, this kind of activities might prove to be violation to particularly The World Health Organizations Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. As per the guidelines stipulated under article 5.3 of this specific convention, the tobacco industry has the need to execute actions that are illustrated as socially accountable for the purpose of distancing its image from diverse lethal product nature that it manufactures and markets or else to interfere with the establishment and execution of public health strategies (Gilmore et al. 2015). Actions that are illustrated as socially responsible by the entire tobacco industry aspiring at the promotion of tobacco consumption can be considered to be an effective marketing along with public relation stratagem that comes under the Conventions illustration on explanation of advertising, policies of promotion as well as sponsorship. The corporate social responsibility of particularly the tobacco industry as per regulations of WHO can be regarded as an inherent contradiction since the core functionality of the entire industry are in conflict with the objectives of public health strategies with relation to control of tobacco. Tobacco industry has executed various CSR strategies in business actions in a bid to augment the overall image of the business (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). Essentially, tobacco industry has necessarily participated in the process of functionalities of manufacturing cigarettes along with other products that utilize tobacco that is harmful for health. Research Objectives The objectives of the current research study are as mentioned below: To analyse significance of the overall execution of CSR policy in specifically the tobacco industry and understanding challenges faced in the process of implementation To comprehend overall credibility of the chosen policies of CSR of different tobacco corporations along with the reliability of different policies as regards the social advantages To understand the way the corporate image can be influenced by diverse CSR activities along with their credibility in both short as well as long term period To examine the study reflecting the way effective CSR policies can acquire benefit or introduce alterations in a tobacco industry Justification of the present project: The current study helps in understanding specific importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in particularly tobacco corporations and gaining deep insights regarding diverse challenges encountered in the procedure of implementation (Bossle et al. 2015). Thus, it can be said that the current section helps in illustrating the fact that the criticism of the complete tobacco industry by diverse groups and explains the reason why Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has now become an important tool for these tobacco companies to reflect that this kind of criticisms are groundless (Plewa et al. 2015). Research Methodology Research methodologies can be regarded as a systematic, theoretical evaluation of specific methods implemented to a specific field of study. As correctly put forward by Arli et al. (2015), the procedures that are utilized to collect appropriate information as well as data for arriving at business decision can be referred to as research methodology. Data Source: The current research study examines the justifiability of CSR in the specific tobacco industry founded on the secondary data source. Secondary source of data indicates towards data that was acquired by individuals other than the user. However the normal users of the secondary source of data in this case include organizational records presented in their literature (CSR reports), data published by various government departments, books, journals, websites, newspapers and many others (Rangan et al. 2015). Diverse scholarly articles that are relevant to present professional project can be assessed for uncovering various benefits of the CSR policies in the tobacco companies. Process of collection of data: In a bid to examine the objectives of the current study, the learner looks for associated electronic as well as printed documents/materials utilizing snowball mechanisms during the specified period. However, in the specific search engine Google and thereafter Google Scholar, learner utilized pertinent key words for searching as well as identifying suitable documents. Using the snow ball mechanism of moving from initial documents and acquiring other pertinent materials from open documents, a huge amount of online materials on specific topic gets generated. Nonetheless, not all documents were pertinent and there were references that were too old. Again, there are also various materials that were not accessible online. However for these documents, we contacted the authorities and commissions as well as offices of different tobacco companies. Books, newspapers and magazines available both online and offline are accessed. Furthermore, official websites of go verning units for reports and company literature available over there are also consulted (Ulke and Schons 2016). Research Philosophy: The learner intends to assume the positivism philosophy for the current research as this can help in validating that there are various asserts that effective scientific knowledge can be considered to be valid and is said to be construed from various knowledge. Research Approach and research design: For the purpose of the present research, the learner intends to follow the descriptive design as this can help in illustrating characteristics of the selected population else wise the phenomenon that is put to use. Following this descriptive design can help in observing and at the same time illustrating the behaviour of a particular subject without influencing the same in any manner. In addition to this, the learner intends to adopt the research design of case study analysis. Selection of this particular research design can be said to be justified as this can help in carrying an in-depth analysis of a lone or smaller number of units at a specific time period. This implies that the learner can analyse credibility of CSR activities in a specific number of tobacco companies and the way it influences the corporation (Belal and Owen 2015). Research strategy: The current study utilizes both the quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation mechanisms for undertaking the current study and for arriving at the solutions to the proposed research questions. Carrying out both qualitative as well as quantitative research does not necessarily include diverse mechanisms for collection of data as well as analysis and more basic difference that orients around research stratagems utilized. Thus, it can be said that the current study has adopted a specific mixed strategy that involves the following activities: -Gathering and assessing both quantitative as well as qualitative data -Utilizing rigorous processes in the process of gathering and assessing data that is appropriate to tradition of each mechanism, namely making certain the appropriate size of the sample for both quantitative as well as qualitative evaluation. -Assimilating amassed data during process of collection of data, evaluation as well as discussion (Tandilittin and Luetge 2015) -Utilizing procedures that include both qualitative as well as quantitative elements either concurrently otherwise sequentially. Method of analysis: For the purpose of carrying out the study, the learner intends to carry out specific methods for analysis of the amassed data. The learner intends to utilize specific ways of carrying out both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of the secondary data (Gast and Ledford 2014). In case of the qualitative research section of the study, the learner can study development of various concepts associated to the CSR activities in various tobacco companies that can subsequently help in the process of understanding diverse social phenomena in various natural background, providing due stress to the connotations, experiences as well as opinions of study participants (Richter and Arndt 2016). Diverse dimensions involved in this case include comprehending contexts, understanding individuals various related interactions. In this particular study, the learner intends to utilize the discourse analysis for different gathered documents. Essentially, all these documents that are available can be used as a potent tool that can help in assessment of written, sign language mentioned in texts as well as contexts in addition to vocals (Silverman 2016). The discourse analysis includes coding of the materials, examination of structure of structures as well as discursive assertions, and identification of cultural, orientation to governance, degree of transparency along with CSR. Essentially the methods that the learner assumes for the current study comprise of discourse analysis, case study analysis and thematic analysis (Batool et al. 2016). Therefore, the use of case study analysis for the purpose of the present study can be said to be justified as this can help in the process of evaluating particular issues within the boundaries of a particular environment. As per the research design that is the case study analysis method, three different methods of analysis of case studies can be used, namely, explanatory case studies, descriptive case studies as well as exploratory case studies. In this case, the descriptive case studies are primarily used that can help in analyzing specific sequences of interpersonal aspects and this helps in deciphering the important phenomenon (Lewis 2015). The learner intends to utilize quantitative methods of analysis for this current study as well. This can help the learner to convert data into various numerical forms and they are necessarily subject to statistical evaluation. The secondary data that is used for the study can be analysed by means of quantitative methods. Thus, this process can be said to be justified as this can help in numerical reflection as well as manipulations of various amassed observations for illustrating the specific phenomenon that specifically these kind of observations replicate (Mackey and Gass 2015). The learner uses both the descriptive statistics as well as interpretive statistics for analysis of the data. Literature Review Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts of CSR has been thoroughly illustrated in diverse ways by various researchers, the primary reason of its subsistence is to shield the entire community from different kinds of harm along with disasters carried out by corporations both intentionally otherwise unintentionally. As rightly suggested by Rhou et al. (2016), in various processes of investigations, the corporate social responsibility is normally visualised as a lone construct encompassing actions that aids in management of stakeholders and different corporate actions for the purpose of compensating for social and economic unfairness as the stakeholders of the businesses of the corporation also includes end users that utilize companys products. The primary accountability of the tobacco industry is to shield teenagers particularly from the teenagers particularly from the profuse damage of tobacco products such as cigarettes by making them aware of unfavourable impacts of the same. Diffe rent definitions of the CSR elucidates similar phenomenon that is the corporations are taking into consideration CSR actions for the purpose of fabricating diverse sanitized products/materials, realizing for superior surroundings, community consciousness of the majority of the issues, treating members of the staff fairly, along with charitable actions to achieve sustainability in the entire market (Golob et al. 2017) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility -(CSR) among corporations is now primary focus of various researchers. Nevertheless, the question of whether this specific exercise aids corporations in the approval among stakeholders is still not responded, particularly, those corporations that driven out to generate specific products that damage various clients. Essentially, CSR was initially taking place with premise of compassion, which thereafter led to satisfaction of various motives, pecuniary, firms stakeholders along with legality. Philanthropy theme ingrained from ethical standards of conviction regarding the appropriate way to be active at the time when delivered the alternative to take action without compulsion. Essentially, direction of liberality can be viewed in the shape of actions taking place as programs and contributions targeted at those that include both single persons and groups. As such, pecuniary intention for mainly CST is based on the association between CSR actions exerts in fluence on overall pecuniary presentation of corporations. This considers necessities of cost plus market on top of status of the firm. In essence, pecuniary intention is utilized for purpose of developing the reputation along with competitive advantage by means of brand awareness and investment return to various shareholders (Visser 2014). This kind of intentions underlies mainly CSR of leading global tobacco corporations. The corporation has necessarily donated a particular sum that stands at US $75 million for various generous reasons whilst US $100 million was expended for sensational and declaring diverse contributions. In particular, this exemplifies that the corporation is not necessarily undertaking societal accountability exclusively on foundation of ethics as well as benevolence, but generating advantages in the long term period (Harizan and Hamid 2015). From the standpoint of stakeholders, administration of corporation asserted to undertake specific activities. Specific parties can undertake actions having interests in the corporation and declaring such activities to parties that are involved. Essentially, analysis of stakeholder comprises of organizational responsibility that surpasses restricts monetary or monetary presentation, counting intended disclosures ahead of the obligatory level namely academic, societal or else surroundings attainment. In the process of attainment of balance for meeting the demands of each and every stakeholders of the firm, the Triple Bottom Line theme is necessarily assumed by various business acquaintances. This notion stresses identical partition of labour particularly existent between three imperative ecological sustainability of mainly monetary, ecological along with social (Harizan and Hamid 2015). However, in other words, the corporation have the need to improve overall quality of environment as well as social life other than merely targeting earnings. In addition to this, legitimacy intention is strongly associated to the standpoint of firms stakeholders. Again, as per legitimacy notion, business concerns have the requirement to function over and over again and need to be aligned to values along with societal norms counting regulations. Visser (2014) suggests that corporate social responsibility is observed as a way of conformity with diverse rules as well as directives that standardize the course of a corporation. It is also a particular value scheme that has the need to be executed within the functions of a corporation. Legitimacy motive can also be utilized by the leading tobacco companies namely British American Tobacco as well as Phillip Morris in a bid to avert diverse legal actions imposed. Essentially, all of these intentions illustrated are closely related to one another. This necessarily covers diverse CSR management phases that include planning, execution and tracking. In a bid to acquire an general idea and comprehension of the idea on CSR, it is obligatory to analyse various intentions underlying CSR actions by tobacco corporations from standpoint of consumers that is necessarily among the most significant stakeholders. Thus, the research questions that investigate significance of CSR activities in tobacco industry can be comprehended to a large extent (McDaniel et al. 2016). Communication of WHO regarding CSR reports As per WHO, increasingly consumers, members of the staff as well as managers anticipate corporations, specifically large transnational corporations function beyond their conventional role of generating, producing, packaging as well as selling for generation of profit. The boom of socially responsible investment products validate this trend and help in making social as well as ethical standpoints clearly known to the corporations they put their money in and at the same time patronize. Tobacco companies also have not missed this specific trend. Majority of the corporations have designed specific programmes for various small sized corporation developments in Kenya, prevention of crime in South Africa, propagating business education in specifically China, preservation of folk culture in Venezuela along with medical treatment as well as flood relief in Pakistan (McDaniel et al. 2016). Youth smoking prevention measures used by various tobacco companies include various proposed dimensions that include presentation of age proof for purchasing tobacco products at the counter. However, this has appeared to be unproductive, since young people seamlessly circumventing these limitations. Purposefully, these programmes deliver the purpose of generating and designing the appearance that various tobacco corporations are proposing corporations for the issues they develop. In actual fact, they help in detracting attraction from various proven, effectual solutions counting the price as well as tax augmentation to which young individuals are very sensitive. Again, tobacco corporations vigorously oppose increases in price as well as tax. Education can be regarded as a specific field in which several tobacco corporations have focussed their CSR actions, particularly in grants, scholarships, even development of an entire school. The mandate of the centre is mainly to examine the ov erall social as well as environmental accountabilities of transnational corporations to the societies in which they function (Gilmore et al. 2015). Certainly, many scholarships are made available for this specific programme aimed at averting this issue. According to a study published by the British Medical Journal illustrates research grants as well as donations from the tobacco industry along with the senior university governance appointments that are necessarily held by various tobacco officials belonging specifically to the tobacco industry. In addition to this, it can be seen in this regard, out of total 90 universities as well as 16 medical facilities; around 39% had accepted donations from the tobacco segment. Again, out of 16 medical schools, only four has accepted research grants. As such, tobacco industry officers along with directors were seem to assume 26 university associated appointments during the year 1996 and year 2001, counting posts namely governor, chancellor together with president among many others. There are scholars who are of the view that the tobacco industry permeates the universities in universities as it is a way it can buy silence as well as satisfaction. During the end of 2002, BAT-Ghana endowed 250 Gha na Cedi to particularly University of Ghana for purchasing academic credibility (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). The overall tobacco industry essentially gets engaged in community level development projects, namely Kerio Trade Winds situated in Kenya. This is necessarily a partnership that subsists between the society and BAT that has the intention to develop tobacco growing actions as a substitute towards alleviation of poverty aligned to governments poverty alleviation stratagem. The Tobacco Association of Malawi has participated into different efforts that are aimed at discouraging abusive child labour exercises in tobacco farming in Malawi. In addition to this, probably most remarkable as well as sceptical are necessarily those tobacco industry sponsored programmes that essentially aspire to attain public health objectives. Thus, it can be hereby mentioned that tobacco industry programs that intend to positively deliver to a greater social good urge the social question: What is the way in which tobacco corporations can reconcile their primary aim to attain a maximum profit by manufacturing and selling a deadly product with the objectives of CSR (Beddewela and Fairbrass 2016). Essentially, tobacco corporations are not like many other corporations. Again, tobacco products are necessarily legal, but they can also be referred to as lethal. Tobacco can be regarded as the only consumer product that is available in the market and this kills half of the regular users. Particularly, from the perspective of CSR actions, they cannot easily figure among specifically the ranks of different other consumer goods corporations. In spite of the tobacco industrys thin-veiled efforts to attain corporate accountability as well as companies claims to have altered their practices, they continue to utilize a wide array unethical and at the same time unethical strategies to promote their products (Plewa et al. 2015). Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that CSR activities undertaken by corporations was observed as a way of obscuring the dilapidated image as well as reputation of the tobacco corporations. This is acknowledged to inflict damage and bereavement of individuals as a consequence of tobacco consumption may be smoking. However, it can be considered to be very immoral on the part of the tobacco corporations that are attempting to alter their negative insight among the entire audience by undertaking CSR. Even though, the company is undertaking its societal accountability. Again, it can be considered to be very much against the marketing ethics. However, findings obtained from various prior reports also reveal that even though the societal accountability generates a affirmative influence, it stays as a certain facade for corporations and market these products without any kind of interference from various government as well as community. Therefore, it can be regarded as a particular bribery act tha t can help in recovering from bad reputation different tobacco corporations. No immediate action is accounted as CSR by firms at the time when the influence of smoking habits breeches the basic privileges of individuals life. Based on findings of study, it can be said that benefits accepted by the societies by means of community programs that are necessarily funded by tobacco firms cannot compensate the damage caused to the greater community that arose from smoking. References Arli, D., Rundle-Thiele, S. and Lasmono, H., 2015. 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First Asia Pacific Conference on Contemporary Research (APCCR-2015). Retrieved from www. apiar. org. au. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McDaniel, P.A., Cadman, B. and Malone, R.E., 2016. Shared vision, shared vulnerability: A content analysis of corporate social responsibility information on tobacco industry websites.Preventive medicine,89, pp.337-344. Morton, A. and Greenland, S.J., 2018. Tobacco CSR and the Ethics Game Paradox: A Qualitative Approach for Evaluating Tobacco Brand Name Strategy Following Plain Packaging. InThe Goals of Sustainable Development(pp. 179-192). Springer, Singapore. Plewa, C., Conduit, J., Quester, P.G. and Johnson, C., 2015. The impact of corporate volunteering on CSR image: A consumer perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), pp.643-659. Rangan, K., Chase, L. and Karim, S., 2015. The truth about CSR.Harvard Business Review,93(1/2), pp.40-49. Rhou, Y., Singal, M. and Koh, Y., 2016. CSR and financial performance: The role of CSR awareness in the restaurant industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, pp.30-39. Richter, U.H. and Arndt, F.F., 2016. Cognitive processes in the CSR decision-making process: a sensemaking perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-16. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Tandilittin, H. and Luetge, C., 2015. CSR activity of tobacco companies in Indonesia: Is it a genuine social responsibility?.Online Journal of Health Ethics,11(1), p.3. Ulke, A.K. and Schons, L.M., 2016. CSR as a selling of indulgences: an experimental investigation of customers perceptions of CSR activities depending on corporate reputation.Corporate Reputation Review,19(3), pp.263-280. Visser, W., 2014. The Stages of CSR. InCSR 2.0(pp. 7-19). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

How To Get References For College Papers

How To Get References For College PapersMaking the best of your college papers is not an easy task but if you use the right sources, you can get hold of references for college papers. Many students may have made use of these references in the past. It will also depend on the author that you are relying on. The more prestigious the author, the more influential they will be on your results.If you are a first time writer, you will first start off by making your own research and doing research yourself. Once you have the basic information from books, you can use it to check the references for college papers. If it is not something that you feel comfortable researching, then you may opt to let a professional do the legwork for you. You may pay them for their services so they may offer you a qualified opinion on what your sources should be.The best thing to do is do some initial research. Check the internet for college papers, which are very popular. You will find that there are many sites that offer references for college papers which are very easy to find. Once you have done this, you can get your own reference list and make it as complete as possible.It would be better if you can put up posters for these references. The good thing about references for college papers is that you can simply show them to others and let them have a taste of the paper before making a decision. This is one way to ensure that they will recommend the writer to others and help you with your research.This will help you understand what people's opinions are. However, you should also take into consideration the people who are offering the references. You will need to learn how to distinguish which ones are reliable and which ones are not. You can use this information to determine whether or not the author that you are using is trustworthy.You should also keep in mind that it is important to understand the writer's point of view when writing a paper. In case you do not know how to write a pape r, it would be wise to use the help of a professional or other writers. It is also wise to be familiar with your material so that you will not come across any problems while writing.The references that you get for your papers will also depend on what type of writer you are. If you are a student, you will not be asked to write reports for reference. But if you are an advanced student, you will be given a different set of references for your papers so that you will know what to expect.As with any business, references can be just as important. So, if you are a student, you should be able to get hold of references for college papers. Make sure that you get the most reliable references possible.

Argumentative Essay Topics on Satan

Argumentative Essay Topics on SatanIf you want to get into an argumentative essay topic on Satan, be prepared to be brash and funny. Make sure that you have some witty comments at the end of your essay that will capture your reader's attention and make them want to go back to read more. You should definitely have a witty, devilish finish to any argumentative essay on Satan.The first thing you should do is identify what type of person you are writing about. For example, if you are writing about a teenage girl, chances are she is going to be overly religious and do not want to be corrected in her beliefs. In order to make your audience feel welcome and at ease, you will want to point this out. Then you can move on to introducing a few arguments against your thesis. Be sure to introduce the key points of the argument in such a way that readers are eager to learn more.After introducing your case, you will want to bring it to an end with a few tantalizing hints that will tug at the hearts trings of your audience. Most students are interested in trying to predict the future, so this line of attack will surely win them over. Once you have been able to take their interest, make sure to wrap things up with a clever quote or two to seal the deal.There are many good, well written argumentative essays on Satan. However, the trick is to always keep the moral in mind as you write. An argumentative essay on Satan should always be linked to your thesis statement and should not be off-puttingly immoral.If you are trying to convince your audience that Satan is just and loving, be sure to include the fact that Satan has allowed millions of children to starve to death because he was angry with God for 'sinning' in the past. Once you have discussed the issue of cruelty and violence, be sure to discuss why people do not want to hear this information.Good argumentative essays on Satan should be succinct, using sentence structure that encourages readers to read the entire essay rather than slogging through a bunch of filler words. Incorporate different styles of language to keep the reader interested. For example, use different terms in all of your arguments and highlight the points that they make.While the purpose of an argumentative essay on Satan is to try to convince your audience of your arguments, you should also be ready to argue against yourself in the process. This is something that many students do not take advantage of. If you come up with an insightful counterargument, you should add it to your argument.Finally, have access to sources of factual data that will support your thesis. The worst thing that you can do is to rely on personal opinions without any factual backing. Whether you are arguing against Satan or against something else, always have sources available to show that there is no basis for your counterargument.

Five WST Essay Topics

Five WST Essay TopicsThere are five main subjects to write an essay on for your WST essay topics. These subjects are history, society, geography, personal experience and current events. All of these areas can be interesting and provide great debate. If you choose the wrong subject, it could be a real head-scratcher when it comes to your WST essay.Historical Research - This area is very broad and covers many areas of study such as war, politics, economics, religion, music, architecture, and other areas of interest. You should try to combine this with society or personal experience topics so that it all makes sense. You may find that this is a very challenging area for your essay topics because you will be writing about history, facts and figures of fact, and historical events.Society & Government - Society and government are two very distinct subjects which create a huge divide between them. In a lot of cases, students can get lost in the topic, because they assume that society re fers to a society as a whole, while government refers to the area of laws and government. Even though they do fit together, their separation makes it impossible to explain completely. However, it is still important to learn this area of study before getting into WST essay topics.Personal Experience - Personal experience is one of the biggest hurdles that students face when it comes to writing essays. This is one of the most difficult topics to tackle because there are so many questions that are going to get asked about you. These questions can include the topics of romance, race, religion, jobs, family, and any other topic which is going to be a subject of contention. However, it is one of the most important topics for your WST essay.Current Events - Getting into current events is the best way to use current information to make a point. You can use current events to make a general point, or you can use current events to make a broader point. It depends on what topic you choose. For example, if you decide to use current events to make a point about racism or discrimination in America, then you would have to answer the following questions.* Why is the topic relevant? * What is the status of this topic? * Is there evidence for current events?Writing an essay for the WST is an exciting and challenging experience. Make sure that you follow all the guidelines, and that you don't choose a subject that is confusing. This is one of the hardest subjects to write on, but the rewards are worth it!

The Awakening By Kate Chopin Was Considered Very Shocking When It Was

The Awakening by Kate Chopin was considered very shocking when it was first published because of the sexual awakening of the main character, Edna Pontellier, and her unconventional behavior. Chopin moved to New Orleans after her marriage and lived there for twelve years until the death of her husband. She returned to St. Louis where she began writing. She used her knowledge of Louisiana and Creole culture to create wonderful descriptions of local color, and she incorporated French phrases used by the Creoles. The Awakening begins at Grade Isle, a vacation spot of wealthy Creoles from New Orleans. Edna is there with her two sons and her husband Leonce who comes and goes because of business. Edna is not Creole, but her husband is. She has never felt like she fits in with their lifestyle. Edna has always done what is expected of a woman, including marrying a man she did not love. He regards her as a possession rather than an individual. While on vacation, Edna falls in love with Robert Lebrun. She often goes to the beach with him. She begins to realize for the first time, at age 28, that she is an individual. Edna feels like one who awakens gradually from a dream to the reality of life. After this discovery, Edna changes. She disregards her husband's wishes and often ignores her children. She learns to swim which also makes her begin to feel more independent. Edna befriends two women, Mademoiselle Reisz, a pianist, and Madame Ratignolle, a motherly lady. Distressed when Robert leaves for Mexico, Edna often visits Mademoiseel Reisz to whom Robert often writes. Edna continues to disregard the customs of society. Her husband becomes very upset and insists that they must observe les convenances if they want to keep up with society. He tries to get her to attend her sister's wedding, but she refuses. Leonce goes to New York on business, but Edna refuses to go with him. The children are with their grandparents so Edna enjoys her time alone. She starts an affair with Alcee Arobin. He introduces her to the importance of sex which she did not enjoy with her husband. She closes up her house and moves to a smaller one. Upset, her husband puts a notice in the newspaper which says that their house is being remodeled. He tries to hide Edna's strange behavior from his friends. Edna, however, loves her new pigeon-house. Every step she took toward relieving herself of obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual. One day Robert returns. Edna runs into him at Mademoiselle Reisz's home. Edna is upset to find he had been in the city for two days and had not contacted her. Even though she was having an affair, she is still in love with Robert. The two meet again a few days later, and Robert walks her home. She kisses him, and he returns her passion. He confesses that he went to Mexico because he was in love with her. He knew there was no hope for them because she was married. They are interrupted by a message for Edna to go to the bedside of Madame Ratignolle who is ill. She asks Robert to wait for her. When she returns, he is gone. His note reads, I love you. Good-bye, because I love you. Edna is so distressed that she returns to Grand Isle where she goes swimming in the cold sea. Purposely she swims out too far and drowns herself. This is an appropriate book for high school students to read. Girls will enjoy it more than boys. It is a beautifully written book which can be used in English as well as social studies classes. The novel will support discussion of the changing role of women and the importance of the Women's Movement in the early 1900's. Students can also discuss Edna's feelings and her suicide.

My Strengths as a Communicator Essays - Communication Design

My Strengths as a Communicator Essays - Communication Design My Strengths as a Communicator According to StrengthsQuest, my five strengths are Ideation (initiating and developing new ideas), Individualization (comprehending and acting in accordance to circumstances), Analytical (understanding and using information), Restorative (intuitively bringing function back to a person, process, project, etc.), and Strategic (prioritizing executing the most effective means of accomplishing a task). These fall in line perfectly with my majors, Advertising and Theology. My aptitude for critical thinking and my love for formulating plans and strategies can be combined to make me an effective and innovative member of the Advertising field. Ideation, which is similar to the analytical and strategic strengths, is the ability to connect and develop two or more concepts into something new. The Advertising agency runs on good ideas; being able to think of multiple routes of persuading someone to do something, or multiple ways to communicate a concept is a very useful task for a career in this field. Some specific ways in which this strength can be used is in a "think tank" brainstorming setting, strategizing for future campaigns, considering ways to attract new clients, and thinking of ways to make the team one is on more compatible. I think that an environment that encourages open communication of ideas and contains a wide variety of types of thinkers/people who would both challenge and support one another would be the best location for a creative thinker. A supervisor who understands the way that an idea-minded worker's brain works would be the best fit; structure for deadlines and development would allow for the wor ker to be able to express themselves while remaining productive. Individualization is the ability to notice, investigate, and cater to what makes people or concepts unique. This strength will undoubtedly be useful in an interactive industry such as Advertising. As a member of an advertising agency, I will be required to pitch campaigns, designs, or other work to my coworkers, supervisors, and clients. These presentations will not be effective if they are not personalized to the audience they are being shown to. Having a knack to discern what a person needs to hear in order to be convinced that an idea is worthwhile will be an invaluable asset to an agency. Similarly, developing advertisements is a very subjective work. The type of advertisement a needed for a client will vary extremely based on product, audience, and other parts of the marketing mix. I will have to be able to understand the specifications of the client and be intentional about developing the right type of advertisement for them. Working on a team that understands the necessit y of this mindset would be an ideal situation for someone with the skill of individualization; it would be important to be around people who understand the goal and work together to gather the context and materials to reach it. As with Ideation, Individualization is a strength best used in a communal workplace, not independently, and a boss who encourages critical thinking and innovation would cultivate the best results from the worker. Based on these strengths, I think that a job on a creative team for an advertising agency would be the best fit. Eventually, I hope be promoted from the entry position post-graduation to director of a creative team for a nonprofit or church; I think that these strengths equip me to accomplish that in my future.