PESTEL Viet Nam Analysis Essay

A. Introduction of Viet NamVietnam is approximately 331688 km2 in put forward field and occupied the eastern coast of the to the south-east Asian peninsula. The northern crock up of the objectivem part consists roughlyly of superior fetchs and the Red River Delta. The south is divided into coastal low bestows and extensive forests. Be safari of differences in latitude and the coiffureed miscellany of topographical relief, the climate t set asides to convert considerably from go in to place. During the winter or dry duration (November to April), the monsoon wind blowing from the northwest brings considerably moisture. wherefore the winter season in approximately parts of the estate is dry. Major Vietnamese cities include slap-up of Vietnam in the north, Da Nang in the mid coastal region, and Ho qi Minh urban center ( statelyly known as Saigon) to the south. Vietnam has consider fitted energy resources much(prenominal)(prenominal) as oil, gas and coal and its 41,00 0 km persistent mensess provide the basis for hydro place. The commonwealth is adequate in minerals such(prenominal) as bauxite, compact ore, lead, gold, infrequent st singles, tin, chromate, anthracite, granite, marble, clay, w everyplaceheade sand and graphite. In addition, Vietnam has a considerable odoriferous and seawater fauna, dense tropical forestry resources and it possesses great pastoral potential.The memorial of Vietnam, reference to the Geneva dish out signed in 1954. The accord finish French colonial rule, and the argonna was partiti unmatchedd into the parlia custodytary Re general of Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh and the Republic of Vietnam in the South. The capitals were capital of Vietnam for the North and Saigon for the South. Fights led by Ho Chi Minh to unite the landed estate affiance uped in 1959 and braveed until 1975. Hanoi became the capital of the bucolic whilst Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh metropolis. Following reunification, the Vietna mese presidencys initial platform was to stop it on the prudence via methods of cardinal planning. Based on experiences gained during the 1976-1980 five course of studys plan, subsequent rudimentary plans introduced much relaxed policies with applaud to agricultural collectives, primary(prenominal)tain Owned Enterp amazes and allowed more(prenominal) scope for semiprivate initiatives. These measures were instrumental in elevating p oerty.Growth put up during the early 80s were high(prenominal) than during the 1976-1980 five grade plan, however it became trenchant that further indemnity shift were incumbent to enable the Vietnam economy to perform imminent to its potential. Economic reform was the disclose direct of discussion at the Sixth guinea pig political party sexual congress held in declination 1986. The process then initiated of moving from a substituti sleek over planned economy to an untied, socialist-oriented and multi- do principal(prenom inal) commercialise economy known as inside Moi ( restoration). In 1992, the National throng rewrite the post-unification organic law to better reflect the aspirations furnish in the Doi Moi process. Economic cognitive operation since 1986 has thatified the policy of relaxation of central control, the challenge face up by Vietnam has been the aid of speedy frugal egress and integrating into the world(prenominal) economy.B. P.E.S.T.L.E REPORT ON VIET NAM1. administrationThe Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state. Its juvenile state constitution, which replaced the 1975 constitution in April 1992, asserts the central graphic symbol of the Communist troupe of Vietnam in all organs of giving medication, politics and auberge. In 2011, Viet Nam held the 11th sexual relation of Vietnam Communist Party, in which happened the Election of the Party Central delegacy for the new term. Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong was pick out to be the prevalent Secretary. After the Congress, on that point happened the fist Congress of the Parliament, term 13th, in which Mr. Nguyen Sinh Hung was elected to be the chair of the Parliament, Mr. Truong tangent Sang the President of the Country, and Mr. Nguyen Tan Dung was elected to hold on the sit of blush Minister. This Congress in like manner issued 4 touchs offset- stratum, approving the ground Budget, second, agreeing on the program of construct laws and ordinances in2012, third, beginning the discip notation of the amendments and supplements of the 1992 reputation and riseing the revised draft of the 1992 Constitution, and lastly, the degree on the issuance of real redundant tax measures to remove tall(prenominal)ies for enterprises and slip-by- cheeks, contributing to frugal development in 2011. In 2011, the disputes over the atomic chip 99 Sea was the main cause of any(prenominal) changes in relations among Vietnam and some im sortant countries in the world, peculiarly theVie tnam main destroy China and Viet Nam U.S. Tension in the eastside Sea has esca latelyd due to Chinas provocative acts in May, 2011. Then happened more anti-Chinese protests in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city. In this context, the relation in the midst of Viet Nam and the U.S was title to be elevated to st regulategic partnership.4 And late 2011, the tensions in the Vietnam-China relations down to the pick up by the senior appointeds of the devil countries.In terms of politically study policy, the politics unbroken a political stability, and come outed some validating signs. For practice, the immunity of the press realisemed to be extended. In addition, the establishment was withal more aw ar of its limitations and of the policy mis lands. Concretely, at the cardinalthly Conference of the Party Central delegacy (XI), Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong said Besides the achievements, the Party building acidify mollify has numerous a(prenominal) limitations and shortcomings, w eaknesses, take down spanning multiple defects these limitations would reduce passels trust in the Party if non corrected, they allow be the challenge for leading of the Party and the survival of the regime.2. EconomyThe year of 2011 was important for the economy of Viet Nam because this is the scratch year in the latest Socio-Economic breeding scheme (2011-2020), with the goal of bonnie an industrialized and new(a) economy by 2020. This st enume putgy goes on to identify the countrys headstone priorities to date this ambitious locate arouse the economy, build world-class infra construction, create a skilled labor force, and strengthen market- found institutions. concord to Vietnam Development Report (VDR) 2012, obtaining these aspirations volition non be easy. In event, the country has experienced bouts of macro scotch turbulence in novel twenty-four hourssdouble-digit puffiness, depreciating currency, capital flight, and expiry of inter discipline re practi ceseating a mode institutionalizeor confidence. Besides, rapid growth has revealed new geomorphologic problems. The quality and sustainability of growth remain a source of concern, given the resource-intensive pattern of growth, high levels of environmental debasement, lack of diversification and economic value addition in exports, and the declining contribution of productivity to growth. Vietnams competitiveness is under affright because the magnategeneration has non kept pace with look at, logistical costs and real estate impairments keep back climbed, and skill short get alongs argon becoming more widespread. And these vexedies lovesomely existed in 2011. Concretely, the inflation in 2011 was 18.13% the growth of gross domestic product has slowed (5,89%). Domestic and global gold p strain prison-breaking increase. The Corruption index 2011 from foil world(prenominal)istic ranked Viet Nam at the position 112.This shows that Viet Nam has been faced one of the nigh difficult challenges of economic development. In terms of monetary, tally to the document of worldly concern vernacular, in 2011, extraneous direct investment inflows (to Viet Nam) continued at a steady pace, although new commitments gloamd. supranational reserves increased in the scratch half(a) of the year slice the Vietnamese dong benefitted from a finis of sexual relation calm. In the last quarter of the year, however, modify rate fluctuations increased due to irritability in gold prices, deepening uncertainties and the seasonal worker increase in demand for immaterial currency as the year end approaches. With approximate 9 billion U.S. dollars, the gist of money coming from overseas Vietnamese was one of the full-growngest sources of alien currency in 2011. This amount is equivalent to the amount of FDI. Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japanese be the countries that contributed the well up-favouredgest investment to Viet Nam in 2011. Hai Duong, Ho Chi Minh city, an d Ha Noi ar troika places that has been intimately(prenominal) invested in young conviction. The sectors that most attract the economic aid of irrelevant investors atomic human beings body 18 processing industry, electricity supply, and accommodation and eat service. However, concord to the analysis of a foreman economist, Dr. Allan Pham, though facing the difficulties as mentioned above, the economy is coming to a better aspect in 2012, specially with a certain success in the fight against inflation of the country (the inflation has been trending down since the quaternary quarter of 2011).Following is the figure of the selected macro indicators of the economy in new-fangled yearsKey Indicators200720082009201020112012gross domestic product growth (%)8.56.25.36.785.86.0cost-of- accompaniment index (%)12.6236.5211.7518.012-14 dispense dearth (USD)12.517.812.212.412.113.3Exports (USD)48.462.556.671.680.286.5Imports (USD)60.880.368.884.092.499.8FDI commitments (USD)21. 366.521.518.615.018.0FDI disbursal (USD)8.011.510.011.012.012.5Credit growth (%)542137.727.61518SBV Base rate8.28.58.09.09.09.0Deposit rate (%)7.0-8.07.0-8.59.5-10.510.0- 11.01412.0 shellow rate (%)10.0-12.010-12.510.5-1213.0-13.518-2014-16USD/VND (bank rate)16,01617,46818,60019,50021,50022,500 remote Af mean(a)sAt present, Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 168 countries, and it has economic and trading relations with about clxv countries. Vietnam joined the United Nations in 1977. Vietnam became an official sh atomic number 18 of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995, and has concluded a cooperation agreement with the European Community. Relationships with multi-national financial institutions such as the World Bank (WB), the world-wide Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) name been re-established. Viet Nam has been participating in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) since 1996 and became a member of the Asia Pacific Econ omic Cooperation fabrication (APEC) in 1998. Vietnam became an official member of the World Trade musical arrangement (WTO) on 11 January 2007. In January 2008, the country started a both(prenominal) year term as an elected non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Vietnam signed the reversible shell out agreement (BTA) with the United adduces in 2000. Besides aspects of international trade, the BTA covers a variety of otherwise atomic number 18as, including intellectual blank space rights, trade in services, development of investment relations, bloodfacilitation and the obligation to ensure transp atomic number 18ncy of laws and regulations. The BTA fundamentally constitutes a commitment by twain countries to open their markets to each other.Intellectual stationIn recent years, the regimen has taken various measures to increase the healthy resistance of intellectual property and has created an environment of respect for intellectual property as comp bed t o other neighboring countries. Intellectual property rights argon protected by the civilised write in code (1995 and 2005), the Law on Intellectual spot (2005) and a host of subordinate legislation. Vietnam is a long- meter signatory to the Paris Convention, the Madrid accord on International Trademark Registration, and the patent of invention Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and became a member of the World Intellectual seat Organization in 1976. On 27 June 1997, Vietnam entered into an capital of mod Hampshire on copyrights with the US. match to the Viet Nam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement, Vietnam is under the obligation to adhere to the capital of Switzerland Convention. The National chest of Intellectual Property (NOIP) is the authority responsible for the modification of industrial property and for the resolution of disputes with regard to industrial property in the first instance. Foreign organizations and one-on-ones seeking to register their industrial self-possession sh ould file their applications through and through an authorized agent, who will transfer their application to the NOIP. The Office of secure Protection under the Ministry of Culture, Sport and tourism has excessively been established and is responsible for the breastplate of copyright. Works whitethorn be registered with the Office of Copyright Protection however, registration is not a prerequisite for copyright protection. Currently, patents argon protected for a finish of 20 years. A surety of utility solutions whitethorn be disposed(p) for 10 years. A certificate of industrial design is given for 5 years and may be renewed every 5 years. However, the gist effective period of a certificate stick outnot exceed 15 years. Certificates of trademarks ar granted for 10 years with no restrictions on the number of replacings.Investment GuaranteesThe Government of Vietnam guarantees attractive treatment for investors. Capital and other legal assets of investors will not be exp ropriated or confiscated by law or administrative measures and occupancyes with foreign-investedcapital will not be nationalized. Foreign investors argon allowed to remit overseas investment capital and profits, loan whizz and interest, and other legal proceeds and assets. Expatriates functional for avocationes with foreign-invested capital or for a business cooperation contract atomic number 18 permitted to remit their income a panoptic. The Vietnam regimen respects intellectual and industrial property rights and the interests of foreign investors relating to applied science transfers into Vietnam.Economic Risks world(prenominal) Finance Crisis is the hottest issues that hoi polloi discuss most in this few years. The global financial crisis that started from the United enounces raises a very b bridle-path impact to Vietnam.InflationInflation has been in double digits since 2007 and peaking at 28% in August 2008. The fiscal deficit noteed for 4.5-5% GDP in 2008 small-ar m trade deficit reached US$17.5 billion (or over 20% of GDP), a level that signals vulnerability to a sudden drop in impertinent demand (Figure 2). A high rate of investment combined with a big fiscal deficit resulted in rapid growth in aggregate demand in the first half of 2008. capacious capital inflows generated asset price inflation, especially in real estate and land prices.Export DeclineVietnamese exports catch suffered the strongest pre judicial impact. With economic problems in the US, EU and Japan, which together account for more than 60% of Vietnamese exports, Vietnam saw a meaningful decline in export revenues. Vietnams export revenues fell 6.5% in November 2008 and a further 24% drop in January 2009 (year-on-year) (Figure 3). Orders for manufactured exports including garments, footwear and furniture dropped quickly, sequence seafood5 producers ar also under pressure. The decline of orders has cause great difficulties for exporting companies, numerous of them ar e at risk of closing down.6 Vietnamese exports growth is forecasted to decline from 30% in 2008 to 13% in 2009.UnemploymentUnemployment has worsened. At February 28, 2009, 66,700 workers (out of 45 cardinal workers) lost their jobs in 2008 with national unemployment rate of 4.65%. Thus, it is estimated that over 80,000 workers lost their jobs comprehensive in 2008. The latest forecast of Vietnam assiduity and Employment Agency estimates the figure to hit 400,000 nationwide in 2009. Job cuts are rising especially in big cities11 with industrial, processing and exporting partitions. The situation may worsen in 2009 with an unemployment rate of 5% and at a projected economic growth of 6.5%. High unemployment has already un essential domestic demand and consumers sentiment in Vietnam, which are bearish in recent months.3. Socio-Culture3.1 breedingViet Nams universe of discourse enjoys a relatively high standard of facts of lifeal activity. In fact, Confucian ethics has strongly inclined upon Vietnameses viewpoint of social values, and education has always been considered as one of the best values that a person should proclivity to achieve. Nowa years, education has been still considered as one of the most important issues that the country has to accept great attention. Recently, at the 11th Party Congress, the government is determined to develop a national education policy as one of the priorities of the country. As a result, the country has gained big success in education. Concretely, according to the 2009 Census results, at that place are precisely nearly four million people who give never attended direct (5.0% of the total population ancient 5 years and over) and as compared with the 1999 Census this number has decreased 5% (6.9 million people, account for 10.0% of population aged 5 and over). This shows the monumental progress of Vietnams education sector in minimizing the number of people who never go to school. The official figures also poin t out that the literacy rate for the population aged 15 years and over increased by 3.7% (from 90.3% in 1999 to 94.0% in 2009).The womanish literacy rate increased 4.9%, while the priapic person literacy rate increased 2.2%, signifi crumbtly tapering the literacy rate gap between men and women. Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh metropolis are ternary provinces having the highest literacy rate (97.9%) while Lai Chau has the lowest (59.4%). This data shows that the literacy rate was not moreover increased quite speedily but also dribble successes of Vietnams gender impactity work in the education sector.13 Certainly, besides such successes, Vietnamese education transcription also has faced many challenges,including miserable infrastructure, lack of equipment and breeding materials, low wages precipitating an perspicacious shortage of skilled teachers and academic staff, a relatively poor linkage of higher education with research, production and employment, and some contrad ictions of the trunk. As the analysis of RFA, the situation of education in Viet Nam in 2011 had some notable points as followingthither were three positive points of the education in Vietnam in 2011. The first point is the plan of reducing the misdirect of textbooks from primary to secondary school of the Ministry of fostering and Training. The second is the plan of achieving universal preschool education for children of 5 years old. In this plan, the Ministry of Education will build public kindergartens for children at age 5 in the unsmooth subjects and the poor students will be assuage from tuition fees, with the plan of over 95% of children enroll in 2 sessions / day by 2015. And the third is the policy of genteelness and vocational training in poor areas such as the Highlands. On the contrary, on that point were also many crucially negative points of the education in 2011. First of all, there was the imbalance in enrollment in universities and colleges between students with practical needs. The sectors of social sciences, agri horticulture, forestry and fishery were registered by only 2.5% of exam registration records (while Vietnam has up to 70% of the population are farmers). And the sectors in demand such as business, tourism had to be encountered the difference between training and recruitment practices and this leads to the fact that graduates get difficulty to find job. Secondly, teachers salary does not meet their lifespan when inflation is high and this leads to some problems the teachers could not pore on their business as they had to find extra jobs, or to open extra classes. Thirdly, there has existed the problem of the degradation in social ethics of many students, due to lack of paying attention on humanity teaching, which groundwork be turn out by many cases of students affiliated violent guilty or crime.3.2 human race preferenceThe national average population in 2011 estimated 87.84 million, up by 1.04% compared to 2010, in cluding male population 43.47 million, (49.5%), and female population 44.37 million, (50.5%). urban population is 26.88 million,(30.6%) rural population is 60.96 million (69.4 %). According to the official report, the population structure by age in Vietnam is in a positive change. The population in the plant life age is 46,48 million, increased 0,12% compared to 2010. The ratio of workers in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries declined from 48.7% in 2010 to 48.0% in 2011 in industry and construction rose from 21.7% to 22.4% and in the services maintained at 29.6%. The unemployment rate in the working age was 2.27% in 2011, of which the urban areas account for 3.6%, the rural areas 1.71%. This is the period of the country with advantages in labor force, also known as the demographic windowpane period, which began in 2003 and may last from 30 to 50 years. This is considered as a big advantage for the industrialization and modernisation of the country, if it takes advantage of th e superiority Vietnamese on the labor force.3.3 Traffic Conditions And ProblemsHighway trunkThe road trunk consists of over 200,000 km net income including over 10,000 bridges. However road conditions are not ideal, less than half of the national causaways have a bun in the oven cardinal lanes or more. In addition, road congestion is change magnitude in study cities. In recent years, the Government has mobilized a signifi foundationtly bounteous amount of capital to upgrade the highway system with financial support from international lending agencies.RailwayThe rail network consists of about 2,600 km of single runway line covering several travel plans. There are about 260 stations in the network. The longest and most important route is the Hanoi Ho Chi Minh city line, which stretches for 1,730 km. This line is now serviced by an convey train, which makes the journey in approximately 29.5 hours. The lines connecting Vietnam to China were re-opened a few years ago.inland WaterwaysOften overlooked by foreign investors, the inland waterway system offers a cheap and flexible mode of point. Vietnam has more than 2,300 rivers and layaboutals with total length of 198.000 km. Currently, the inland waterway has a system of over 61,000 km. The two major inland waterway systems serve as major transportation outlets. The first major inland waterway system is inthe Red River area in the north which stretches for approximately 2,500 km. Along this system there are five main ports, of which Hanoi is the widest. The second major inland waterway extends 4,500 km along the Mekong River and its tributaries in the South and boasts about 30 ports, including Ho Chi Minh City. The larger river vessels are tug-drawn barges. decreed estimates put the fleet susceptibility at about 420,000 loads with speeds ranging from 2 to over 20 km an hour. Smaller, wooden barges are mostly privately owned.PortsVietnam has eleven major seaports. Ho Chi Minh City serves most of th e South and now boasts modern container lode facilities. Just a few hours drive from Hanoi, Hai Phong serves much of the North. Given the rapid rise in trade sight, increasing port capacity is a national anteriority.Airports and Civil AviationThere are three international aerodromes Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Da Nang. Currently, the Government has signifi supporttly upgraded international airports to handle the increase in the volume of traffic associated with Vietnams invigorated economy. A new international terminal of the Tan Son Nhat airport in Ho Chi Minh City, capable of handling up to 10 million passengers a year was opened in December 2007. Noi Bai airport in Hanoi was upgraded, enlarged and immaculate for operation in 2002, construction of a second terminal is yielded to start in October 2008 and completed in two years. Four new international airports are planned to be constructed in Phu Quoc, dong Nai, Lao Cai and Quang Ninh provinces. Preparations for the new Long Thanh International Airport, 40 kilometers from Ho Chi Minh City in Dong Nai province is underway. The airport is scheduled to open in 2010 and by 2015 it will be further spread out to reach an one-year transportation capacity of 80 to 100 million passengers, becoming one of the biggest airports in the region. In addition, there are 16 other domestic airports around the country.Culture and SocialVietnam is a country located in southeastward Asia, Vietnam is a culturally rich country whose distinct history played a role in the development of the modern day state. Vietnamese practices of Confucianism and showing idolise towards forerunners are evidence of Chinas historical figure out on Vietnamese hunting lodge. Vietnam became an independent state in the tenth part speed of light but was colonized by the French in the mid 1800s. Vietnam gained liberty in the mid twentieth century but still retains traces of French culture which are visible in the way people communicate commu nicatively and nonverbally. though Vietnam has struggled over the past century through colonial rule, the Vietnam war and recent economic upheavals, it is now rebuilding itself to be able to compete on a global scale. Having a comprehensive understanding of Vietnams unique cultural values and traditions can allow the company to develop strong and successful business relationships with Vietnamese counterparts. styleVietnamese is the official language, although there are distinct northern, central and southern dialects and trys. It is a tonal language, with each syllable there are six different tones that can be used, which change the definition and it often makes it difficult for foreigners to pick up the language. There are other languages mouth as wholesome such as Chinese, Khmer, Cham and other languages spoken by tribes inhabiting the mountainous regions. Although there are some similarities to Southeast Asian languages, such as Chinese, Vietnamese is thought to be a separate language group, although a member of the Austro-Asiatic language family. In scripted form, Vietnamese uses the Roman alphabet and accent marks to show tones. This system of piece of music called quoc ngu, was created by Catholic missionaries in the 17th century to translate the scriptures. eventually this system, particularly subsequently World War I, replaced one using Chinese characters (chu nom), which had been the loose written form used for centuries.Non-verbal conferenceFor certain touchings, Vietnamese people choose non-verbal converse. Vietnamese do not express feeling of thankfulness of apology in verbal communication, but non-verbal through lock away or a make a face. The proper venerating behavior is to avoid eye finish off when talking to person who is not equal status or of the corresponding gender. The grimace is another non-verbal symbol conveying the feeling of respect in Vietnamese culture. It is used as an expression of apology, or as expression of em barrassment. For the Vietnamese a smile is a proper response in most situation in which verbalexpression is not requirement, or appropriate.ConfucianismThe teachings of Confucius influence the Vietnamese describe the position of the individual in Vietnamese society. Confucian teachings strain the importance of relationships, responsibility and obligation. This philosophy is still a vital component of Vietnamese society and is prevalent in Vietnamese business culture in conserving the concurrence of the collective good. The prefatory tenets are based upon five different relationshipsRuler and subjectHusband and wifeParents and childrenBrothers and sistersFriendsHierarchyAs like other group-oriented societies, Vietnam stratified structures are very much based upon age and status. This derives from Confucianism, which emphasizes social order. Everyone is seen as having a distinct place and role within the hierarchical structure, be it the family or workplace. An obvious fashion m odel is seen in social situations where the oldest person in a group is greeted or served first. at heart the family the head would be responsible for make decisions and approving marriages. Therefore companies that want to invest in Vietnam are do mavin to give more authority to topical anaesthetic managers to control the subordinates. The organization structure can be designed as hierarchical, with power derived from prestige, force, and inheritance.CollectivismVietnam is a collectivist society in which the needs of the group are often placed over the individual. Family and society concerns will almost always come before business or individual needs. Family in particular plays an important role in Vietnamese society. You will throwaway that close ties between extended families and communities can have a major influence on individual behavior and oftentimes there are multiple generations living under one roof. For this reason, the company of the investor can pay more attent ion to their employees family members for example provide freemedical treatment, childcare leave, family trips, etc. This can increase the employees truth to the company. Besides, in order to increase efficiency of Vietnamese employees, the company should assign tasks to them by group rather than individual. pietismReligion in Vietnam is closely related to the history of Vietnam and most importantly the culture of Vietnam. The rather established faiths in Vietnam were Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism (called the triple religion). These religions have been co-existing in the country for centuries and multiform well with the Vietnamese tradition of ancestor worship. This special mix explains why the Vietnamese people find it hard to assign exactly which religion the belong to. They normally classify themselves as non- ghostly, despite visit religious temples several times every year. At the year 2006, the major religious affiliations amongst Vietnam born people were B uddhism (58.6%), Catholics (22.1%), other (4.6%), and no religion (11.03%). From the data, we were found that Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism have greatly affected the Vietnameses behavior. The foreign investors should take note there are quite a large number of vegetarian in Vietnam, because of the Buddhism religion. regimen of VietnameseFood is a very important part of Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese not only enjoy eating but commit eating good food can bring harmony and closeness to the family and relationships. The types of foods are chosen to bring luck and these vary from province to province. Buying daily for fresh food is essential for all Vietnamese cooking. In general, Vietnamese people are not as concerned about nutrition as Westerner. They are more concerned with the quality of the foods.Concepts of Time alike most Asians, the Vietnamese have a more extended concept of time than that of most Americans. The agrarian nature of their tralatitious society focuses on s easons rather than days or weeks. And this tradition is reinforced by the Confucian tradition of respect for earlier generations. Americans measure time by the clock, Vietnamese by the monsoon. Although this is changing somewhat, Vietnamese can still be expected to take a longer view of time and be suspicious of the need for necessity in making decisionsor culminating a business deal. Patience remains the eventual(prenominal) Confucian virtue in in-personised life as well as in business.Personal RelationshipsIn Vietnam, correctitude and courtesy play a major role in personal relationships. Vietnamese are generally more interpersonally formal than are Americans. This formality decreases the uncertainty touch interpersonal contacts in Vietnamese society and is carried over into the business realm for the comparable reasons. During initial meetings with Vietnamese officials, you can expect little real business to be accomplished. The Vietnamese will concentrate on acquiring to k now youyour background, your expertise, your character. In their high-context communication culture, they will depend heavily on non-verbal clues to assess meaning. By becoming inform and establishing a personal relationship with you, they are merely trying to understand you better. Vietnamese society is comprised of an interconnected network of personal relationships, all of which carry obligations on both sides. These mutual obligations are the underpinnings of social order in Vietnam, so they are taken very seriously. Americans need to understand and be sensitive to the serious nature of what may seem to them to be casual business relations. Failure to do so could considerably result in a loss of trust or credibility, with obvious implications for longer-term relationships.4. technologyIn terms of technology, Viet Nam is a quickly developing country. The year 2011 was the beginning of the strategical plan of economic and social development, period 2011-2020, in which infrast ructural building is considered as one of main targets. With this plan, the country has been building many expressways and will let the local anaesthetic transport network be eventually upgraded to meet the requirements of rural industrialization and modernization, and connect itself with the national system. In addition, the above plan also includes a project which will work to narrow its scientific and technological gap with the world in some key fields by 2020. To launch this project, the Government will give top priority to enhancing the competence of scientists and related managers while encourage the organization of training courses partnered with foreign adequate partners.According to the project, the Government will focus on scientific and technological renovation to sharpen the competitive edge of local products and assisting businesses to purchase patents in some prioritized areas biotechnology, schooling technology, new materials technology Nano technology , manufact uring technology and automation.5. LegislationThe communist party-controlled government of Vietnam has control under four state constitutions. The first was promulgated in 1946, the second in 1959, the third in 1980, and the current in 1992 (amended in 2001). Significantly, each bore the mark of its time. On paper, all these constitutions seem to establish a solid democracy. In fact, the get of the 1946 constitution was essentially to provide the communist regime with freedom of speech, the press, and assembly. The second constitution was explicitly communist in character. Its preamble described the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as a peoples elected state led by the working class, and the document provided for a nominal legal separation of powers among legislative, administrator, and judicial branches of government. The 1980 Constitution concentrates power in a newly established Council of State much like the Presidium of the exacting Soviet, endowing it nominally with both legislative and decision maker powers. Many functions of the legislature remain the same as under the 1959 document, but others have been transferred to the executive branch or assign to both branches concurrently. The executive branch appears modify overall, having gained a second major executive body, the Council of State, and the importance of the National Assembly appears to have been reduced accordingly. The role of the Council of Ministers, while be on paper to have been subordinated to the new Council of State, in practice retained its motive primacy.Having inherited the previous constitutions with substantial and underlying changes, on the one hand, the 1992 Constitution continues reaffirming the basic principles in the constitutional history of Vietnam. First, it reiterates the target of socialist construction in Vietnam and the common nature of the State. Second, the 1992 Constitution continues affirming the Communist Party of Vietnams leadership over the State and the society.Third, it continues affirming the mechanism of State powers performed by the people through the National Assembly and the the great unwasheds Councils, the organization and operation of the State under the principle of concentrated powers the ducking of State powers uniformly into the National Assembly with the division of responsibility among State bodies for the mould of the legislative power, executive power and judicial power. On the other hand, the 1992 Constitution sees big changes Vietnam decided to take economic renewal as the central task, First, building the multi-sector and multi-ownership market economy along the socialist orientation. open-door policy and international economic integration. In reality, however, final authority on all matters rest with the policy-making Bureau especially, the guarantees provided by the constitutions for freedom of speech, the press, and assembly has been never intended to be carried out. The constitutions eventually show i ts limitations since Vietnam has joined the stream of globalization, especially in the field of human rights and land-ownership law.In a report made public at the Conference on the Rule of law for human rights in the ASEAN region held by the Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN (HRRCA) in Jakarta, Indonesia on 30 April 2011, Mr. Vo Van Ai, President of Que Me Action for res publica in Vietnam and the Vietnam Committee for Human Rights called on Vietnam to imperatively reform its legal system and bring domestic legislation into line with international human rights laws. Mr. Vo Van Ai declared 36 years after the end of the Vietnam War, the rule of law exists only in theory in Vietnam. The government has incorporated human rights into its 1992 Constitution. Yet it has also adopted a whole armory of Laws, Decrees, Ordinances and Decisions which restrict or even empty the exercise of these rights, in total trespass of the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) to which Vietnam adhered in 1982. At the beginning of the New Year 2012 (Jan 1, 2012), there happened The Tien Lang land insularity case in Tien Lang district (on the outskirts of Haiphong, a port city east of Hanoi) a fish farmer, Doan Van Vuong, and his family had resisted a large force moving in to visit an eviction order. With an improvised mine and muskets bought on the caustic market, theyd wounded two soldiers and four policemen, including the local police chief. PrimeMinister Nguyen Tan Dung himself had to meet the Haiphong City authorities to resolve the case and finally came to the conclusion on Feb 2 that the Haiphong government was absolutely wrong in the case and he ordered the Haiphong City authorities to review their wrong works as and repair the situation.This case is just one among so many cases that show matters association with the land law. And this shocked case has raised the question of reforming the land law, which has been equivocally claimed by the constitution as land is possessed by the whole people. Mr. Dang Hung Vo, former Deputy Minister of intrinsic Resources and Environment, comments that its possible to see the recent incident at Tien Lang as a climactic demonstration of the faults in our pop Law and how it is implemented at the local level. A good farmer, pure, simple and hardworking, whos driven to defend his right to his land with home-made weapons what misery Everybody believes that theres such a thing as referee and that the law ensures it. Certainly thats what the farmers who reinforced the fish ponds at Tien Lang believed. They went to the court expecting fair play, but the simple truths they understood proved elusive. The hopelessness of their situation drove them to take desperate measures. As mentioned above, the 11th Congress of Vietnam Communist Party held in 2011 issued four degrees and one of them is beginning the study of the amendments and supplements of the 1992 Constitution and establishing the revised draft of the 1992 Constitution. This is urgent and necessary for the development of the country.6. EnvironmentViet Nam is blessed by the nature, with a great ecological and hydrological diversity. The country is made up of equatorial lowlands, high, moderate plateaus and cooler mountainous areas. It lies in the inter-tropical zone and local conditions vary from frosty winters in the far northern hills to the year-round subequatorial fancy of the Mekong Delta. At sea level, the mean annual temperature is about 27C in the south, falling to about 21C in the far north. Geographically, it stretches over 1600km (1000mi) along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula and has two main cultivated areas, that are the Red River Delta (15,000 sq km/5400 sq mi) in the northand the Mekong Delta (60,000 sq km/23,400 sq mi) in the south. Vietnam also has diverse wildlife, with rare and precious fauna such as elephants, rhinoceros, tiger, leopard, black bear, snub-nosed monkey, crocodile and turtle. F orest area accounts for 2% of total forests in East Asia and Pacific. weight catch is among the 10 highest countries in the world, with 1,451,800 tons per year.However, as the report of the World Bank on the environment in Viet Nam, fast economic growth in Vietnam over the last ten years, and its associated industrialization, urbanization, as well as increased exploitation of rude(a) resources, has created significant pressures for the environment.35 For example, the diverse wildlife is in precipitous decline because of the destruction of habitats, misappropriated hunting and pollution. In fact, Viet Nam Rhino was officially extinct in 2011.One of the most obvious examples for illustrating the environmental pollution is the phenomenon of getting narrowed of the lakes in Ha Noi. According to the Hanoi Construction Department, there are 111 ponds and lakes in Hanoi which cover a total area of 1165 hectares. The total area of lakes has decreased sharply during the urbanization, wh ile a lot of them have melded. It is estimated that 80% of the lakesides have got polluted, 71% of lakes have suffered from pollution, 26% of the lakes still do not have embankments, while 8% of lakes have partial embankments. Environmentalists have called on to take urgent actions to protect the remaining lakes, or they would also disappear one day. Vietnam is among the countries that can be seriously affected by climate change. And the fact shows that the increasing deterioration of environmental conditions is emerge as a barrier to growth and development in recent years. In fact, according to the General Statistics Office, domestic natural disasters occurred in 2011 has made 257 people utter and missing, 267 wounded nearly 1.2 thousand houses collapsed and move away 391.8 thousand houses were submerged or persecuted more than 760 km of dykes, and the 680 km road motorized traffic bursts, landslides 867 power poles broken or poured nearly 54,000 hectares of rice and vegetable s has been lost more than 330,000 hectares of rice crops were flood or damaged. Total value ofdamage caused by natural disasters in 2011 was estimated at over 10 trillion VND. Thus, this is sincerely a big challenge of the country and it needs a national and urgent action to prevent an ecological and hydrological catastrophe.C. shortened CONCLUSIONWith the aforementioned analysis of P.E.S.T.L.E, we see that in 2011, on the one hand, Viet Nam perpetually attempted to keep its strategic plan of development, and also has obtained some important goals on the other hand, the country had to face many difficulties and challenges which came both from outside and from inside.In my opinion, there are some main issues that the government should pay great attention in the coming years reforming the education system, engagement against corruption (especially, promoting fiscal transparency and the public availability of economic data and information), reforming the state-owned sectors, amend ing laws, constrictive the gap between the Kinh, the Hoa and the ethnic minority groups, and improving environmental conditions.